Abstract: A method of simply mapping a texture such as a light point texture onto a three-dimensional model comprises the steps of designating a three-dimensional model having polygons to be subjected to a texture mapping process, designating a texture used for the texture mapping process, and transforming the polygons by perspective transformation and performing the texture mapping process by mapping the designated texture onto respective vertices of the transformed polygons.

Abstract: A method of simply mapping a texture such as a light point texture onto a three-dimensional model comprises the steps of designating a three-dimensional model having polygons to be subjected to a texture mapping process, designating a texture used for the texture mapping process, and transforming the polygons by perspective transformation and performing the texture mapping process by mapping the designated texture onto respective vertices of the transformed polygons.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile from propylene, isobutylene or tert-butyl alcohol in an industrial fluidized reactor with the step of feeding methanol and an oxygen-containing gas in the course of the whole contact time of the reactor and reacting unreacted ammonia with the methanol and the oxygen-containing gas, which can reduce the amount of unreacted ammonia without lowering the yield of the nitrile; and an industrial process of conducting the above production in an industrial fluidized reactor having an inner diameter of 3 m or above and filled with a molybdenum-bismuth catalyst supported on silica, which can prevent the feed opening of a dispersing nozzle for the methanol from clogging with molybdenum oxides to attain constant reduction in the amount of unreacted ammonia.

Abstract: A process for purifying crude acetonitrile comprising: (1) a step of contacting crude acetonitrile with nascent oxygen, (2) a step of contacting the acetonitrile from step (1) with a solid base, and (3) a step of removing low-boiling compounds and high-boiling compounds from the acetonitrile from step (2), wherein the step (3) may be effected after the step (1) and before the step (2).

Abstract: In a process for producing chemical substances comprising steps of cooling, condensing and solvent-absorbing the reaction product gas having a high temperature formed in a reactor, an absorption type refrigerator or an absorption type heat pump is driven by using, as the driving source, a heat source having such a temperature as not to be advantageous for the heat exchange in the process, which heat source has been taken out of the steps of cooling the reaction product gas, condensing it or solvent-absorbing it to obtain a refrigerant or a hot water having a temperature higher than the temperature of the heat source, and the refrigerant or the hot water is used as a cooling source or a heating source in the steps comprised in said process for producing chemical substances.

Abstract: A process for producing an unsaturated nitrile with saved energy by which the bottom stream from a recovery column is used as the heat source for at least one distillation column in the process and thereafter used to pre-heat a recovery column feed withdrawn from the bottom of an absorption column, characterized in that the bottom stream of the absorption column is previously heated by at least one source of waste heat in the process, the source being selected from (1) the circulating water in the quenching column, (2) the overhead vapor of the absorption column, (3) the overhead vapor of a dehydration column and (4) the overhead vapor of a product column.