Abstract: A reading device includes: plural transport rolls that transport a document along a transport path, include a discharge roll disposed on a most downstream side of the transport path, and rotate and do not rotate in synchronization with one another; an opening and closing unit that exposes or covers an upstream portion of the transport path; plural detectors that are provided apart from one another along the transport path, detect a transported document, and include a discharge detector that is disposed on a most downstream side of the transport path and is disposed on an upstream side relative to the discharge roll in a document transport direction; a reader that reads an image formed on a transported document in a downstream portion of the transport path; and a controller that stops the plural transport rolls once upon occurrence of a document jam inside a device body by controlling the transport rolls and rotates the transport rolls for only a predetermined period in a case where the discharge detector is d

Abstract: A crystal resonator includes a flat plate-shaped crystal element and excitation electrodes. The crystal element has principal surfaces parallel to an X?-axis and a Z?-axis. The X?-axis is an axis of rotating an X-axis in a range of 15 to 25 degrees around a Z-axis. The Z?-axis is an axis of rotating the Z-axis in a range of 33 to 35 degrees around the X?-axis. The excitation electrodes are formed on the respective principal. The excitation electrodes include a first region with a circular outer shape and a second region. The second region is formed at a peripheral area of the first region. The second region has a thickness thinner than the first region and has an elliptical outer shape. The elliptical shape has a long axis extending in a direction in a range of ?5 to +15 degrees with respect to a direction that the X?-axis extends.

Abstract: A crystal resonator includes a crystal element and excitation electrodes. The crystal element has a pair of principal surfaces parallel to an X?-axis and a Z?-axis. The X?-axis is an axis of rotating an X-axis as a crystallographic axis of a crystal in a range of 15 degrees to 25 degrees around a Z-axis as a crystallographic axis of the crystal. The Z?-axis is an axis of rotating the Z-axis in a range of 33 degrees to 35 degrees around the X?-axis. The excitation electrodes are formed on the respective principal surfaces of the crystal element. Elliptical mesa portions or elliptical inverted mesa portions are formed on the respective principal surfaces. The mesa portions project from outer peripheries of the principal surfaces. The inverted mesa portions are depressed from the outer peripheries of the principal surfaces.

Abstract: A crystal resonator includes a crystal element and excitation electrodes. The crystal element has a pair of principal surfaces parallel to an X?-axis and a Z?-axis. The X?-axis is an axis of rotating an X-axis as a crystallographic axis of a crystal in a range of 15 degrees to 25 degrees around a Z-axis as a crystallographic axis of the crystal. The Z?-axis is an axis of rotating the Z-axis in a range of 33 degrees to 35 degrees around the X?-axis. The excitation electrodes are formed on the respective principal surfaces of the crystal element. Elliptical mesa portions or elliptical inverted mesa portions are formed on the respective principal surfaces. The mesa portions project from outer peripheries of the principal surfaces. The inverted mesa portions are depressed from the outer peripheries of the principal surfaces.

Abstract: A crystal resonator includes a flat plate-shaped crystal element and excitation electrodes. The crystal element has principal surfaces parallel to an X?-axis and a Z?-axis. The X?-axis is an axis of rotating an X-axis in a range of 15 to 25 degrees around a Z-axis. The Z?-axis is an axis of rotating the Z-axis in a range of 33 to 35 degrees around the X?-axis. The excitation electrodes are formed on the respective principal. The excitation electrodes include a first region with a circular outer shape and a second region. The second region is formed at a peripheral area of the first region. The second region has a thickness thinner than the first region and has an elliptical outer shape. The elliptical shape has a long axis extending in a direction in a range of ?5 to +15 degrees with respect to a direction that the X?-axis extends.

Abstract: A crystal resonator includes a flat plate-shaped crystal element and excitation electrodes. The crystal element has principal surfaces parallel to an X?-axis and a Z?-axis. The X?-axis is an axis of rotating an X-axis as a crystallographic axis of a crystal in a range of 15 degrees to 25 degrees around a Z-axis as a crystallographic axis of the crystal. The Z?-axis is an axis of rotating the Z-axis in a range of 33 degrees to 35 degrees around the X?-axis. The excitation electrodes are formed on the respective principal surfaces of the crystal element. The excitation electrodes are each formed into an elliptical shape. The elliptical shape has a long axis extending in a direction in a range of ?5 degrees to +15 degrees with respect to a direction that the X?-axis extends.

Abstract: In a crystal unit, at least two places of an outer circumference of a quartz crystal blank, which are places that correspond to both ends of a stress sensitivity zero axis of the crystal blank, are supported by supporters and fixed to the supporters by conductive adhesives. Each supporter includes; a vertical portion with a surface extending vertically, a slit formed in the vertical portion as extending vertically and with both ends thereof being closed, and a tongue portion projecting from a lower end of the slit. Each conductive adhesive includes; a first portion formed between the tongue portion and a lower surface of the crystal blank, a second portion extending to an end face of the crystal blank from an outer surface of the supporter and through the slit, and a third portion formed between an inner surface of the supporter and an upper surface of the crystal blank.

Abstract: A crystal unit includes a unit base in which a metal flange is welded to an outer circumference of a base main body, a crystal element held by supporters on the unit base, and a metal cover that is jointed to the metal flange to cover and hermetically encapsulate the crystal element. The base main body is formed of ceramic. A first metal film, to which the metal flange is joined, is formed on a surface of the outer circumference of the base main body. At least two places of the main body, second metal films are formed on an inner bottom face of the main body, and third metal films are formed on an outer bottom face of the main body. The second metal films and the third metal films are electrically connected to one another through via holes. The supporters are joined to the second metal films.

Abstract: A crystal element has a crystal blank which is cut from a crystal of quartz and has a principal plane orthogonal to a Y?-axis, where the Y- and Z-axes are rotated by an angle of ? around the X-axis in the crystal to be designated as the Y?- and Z?-axes, and the X- and Y?-axes are rotated by an angle of ? around the Z?-axis to be designated as the X?- and Y?-axes. The crystal blank has mutually orthogonal two null stress-sensitivity axes. In the crystal blank, the thickness of the center part at which two null stress-sensitivity axes intersect is increased, and a ridge line portion defining a quadrangular pyramid like shape from the center part toward the outer peripheral part is formed. The sectional thickness of the crystal blank along the base thereof is larger in the central region and becomes gradually smaller toward both ends.

Abstract: A crystal unit includes a unit base in which a metal flange is welded to an outer circumference of a base main body, a crystal element held by supporters on the unit base, and a metal cover that is jointed to the metal flange to cover and hermetically encapsulate the crystal element. The base main body is formed of ceramic. A first metal film, to which the metal flange is joined, is formed on a surface of the outer circumference of the base main body. At least two places of the main body, second metal films are formed on an inner bottom face of the main body, and third metal films are formed on an outer bottom face of the main body. The second metal films and the third metal films are electrically connected to one another through via holes. The supporters are joined to the second metal films.

Abstract: In a crystal unit, at least two places of an outer circumference of a quartz crystal blank, which are places that correspond to both ends of a stress sensitivity zero axis of the crystal blank, are supported by supporters and fixed to the supporters by conductive adhesives. Each supporter includes; a vertical portion with a surface extending vertically, a slit formed in the vertical portion as extending vertically and with both ends thereof being closed, and a tongue portion projecting from a lower end of the slit. Each conductive adhesive includes; a first portion formed between the tongue portion and a lower surface of the crystal blank, a second portion extending to an end face of the crystal blank from an outer surface of the supporter and through the slit, and a third portion formed between an inner surface of the supporter and an upper surface of the crystal blank.

Abstract: The metal base for a crystal unit includes: a base body in which at least a pair of through-holes are formed; a pair of leads provided with a supporter for supporting a crystal blank at the head thereof; and glass charged into the respective through-holes to electrically insulate the leads from the base body and hermetically seal the through-holes. A step is formed in a region of the lead corresponding to the outer bottom surface of the base body, the lead is made up of at least a first lead portion on the through-hole side from the step and a second lead portion in a direction in which the lead extends out from the step. The diameter of the lead of the second lead portion is smaller than the diameter of the lead of the first lead portion.

Abstract: A crystal element has a crystal blank which is cut from a crystal of quartz and has a principal plane orthogonal to a Y?-axis, where the Y- and Z-axes are rotated by an angle of ? around the X-axis in the crystal to be designated as the Y?- and Z?-axes, and the X- and Y?-axes are rotated by an angle of ? around the Z?-axis to be designated as the X?- and Y?-axes. The crystal blank has mutually orthogonal two null stress-sensitivity axes. In the crystal blank, the thickness of the center part at which two null stress-sensitivity axes intersect is increased, and a ridge line portion defining a quadrangular pyramid like shape from the center part toward the outer peripheral part is formed. The sectional thickness of the crystal blank along the base thereof is larger in the central region and becomes gradually smaller toward both ends.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystal oscillator that is provided with a crystal element; a main surface electrode configured of a first underlayer formed on each of two main surfaces of the crystal element and a first surface layer of Au superimposed over the first underlayer; an end surface electrode having a second underlayer formed on the crystal element to extend over the main surface electrode and a second surface layer of Au superimposed to cover the second underlayer; a supporter for holding the crystal element in the horizontal direction, bonded to the end surface electrode by a eutectic alloy comprising at least Au; and a base on which the supporter stands.

Abstract: An IT-cut quartz crystal unit has a discoidal or a rectangular quartz crystal blank which is cut from a crystal of quartz along a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis of the crystal of the quartz which is rotated over approximately 34° about the X-axis, and further rotated from this rotated position over approximately 19° about the Z-axis. Excitation electrodes are formed on both main surface of the crystal blank, respectively. The crystal blank is held at positions in at least one set of opposing peripheral regions selected from an angular range of 18°±18° from the Z?-axis on the surface of the crystal blank, viewed from the center on the surface of the crystal blank; an angular range of 198°±18° from the Z?-axis; an angular range of 108°±18° from the Z?-axis; and an angular range of 288°±18° from the Z?-axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystal oscillator that is provided with a crystal element; a main surface electrode configured of a first underlayer formed on each of two main surfaces of the crystal element and a first surface layer of Au superimposed over the first underlayer; an end surface electrode having a second underlayer formed on the crystal element to extend over the main surface electrode and a second surface layer of Au superimposed to cover the second underlayer; a supporter for holding the crystal element in the horizontal direction, bonded to the end surface electrode by a eutectic alloy comprising at least Au; and a base on which the supporter stands.

Abstract: Matrix element calculation carried out efficiently without the overhead of communication between a host computer and processor elements even in parallel calculation utilizing a low-cost communication device and multiple processor elements having memories of a small capacity. In a method for calculating molecular orbitals, for example, all elements F(I, J) of a Fock matrix are calculated where an outermost loop is a loop associated with combinations (RT) of contracted shell R and contracted shell T which satisfy relationships R≦Nshell and T≦R. A second loop is a loop associated with contracted shell S, and a third loop is a loop associated with contracted shell U. Alternatively, the second loop is a loop associated with the contracted shell U, and the third loop is a loop associated with the contracted shell S. The value of S ranges from 1 to R, and the value of U ranges from 1 to R.

Abstract: An IT-cut quartz crystal unit has a discoidal or a rectangular quartz crystal blank which is cut from a crystal of quartz along a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis of the crystal of the quartz which is rotated over approximately 34° about the X-axis, and further rotated from this rotated position over approximately 19° about the Z-axis. Excitation electrodes are formed on both main surface of the crystal blank, respectively. The crystal blank is held at positions in at least one set of opposing peripheral regions selected from an angular range of 18°±18° from the Z′-axis on the surface of the crystal blank, viewed from the center on the surface of the crystal blank; an angular range of 198°±18° from the Z′-axis; an angular range of 108°±18° from the Z′-axis; and an angular range of 288°±18° from the Z′-axis.

Abstract: In a crystal unit suitable for use in a thermostat oven, a first and a second excitation electrode are disposed on a first and a second surface of a crystal blank. A first and a second connection are disposed on the second surface as connections formed by applying a fillet of a mixture of a low-melting glass and a metal filler, and melting the fillet by heating. A third connection is disposed on a peripheral edge of the crystal blank to extend over both surfaces. A lead of the first excitation electrode is directly connected to the third connection, while a lead of the second excitation electrode is connected to the first connection through a vapor-deposited metal thin film. The second and third connections are connected to each other through a vapor-deposited metal thin film. The first and second connections are secured to a pair of holding members by brazing.

Abstract: In a crystal unit suitable for use in a thermostat oven, a first and a second excitation electrode are disposed on a first and a second surface of a crystal blank. A first and a second connection are disposed on the second surface as connections formed by applying a fillet of a mixture of a low-melting glass and a metal filler, and melting the fillet by heating. A third connection is disposed on a peripheral edge of the crystal blank to extend over both surfaces. A lead of the first excitation electrode is directly connected to the third connection, while a lead of the second excitation electrode is connected to the first connection through a vapor-deposited metal thin film. The second and third connections are connected to each other through a vapor-deposited metal thin film. The first and second connections are secured to a pair of holding members by brazing.