Abstract: The cage for breeding small animals according to the present invention comprises a casing with an opening on an upper surface thereof, and a lid for covering the opening of the casing. The lid comprises a frame body attached to an upper end edge of the casing, and an opening for a water supply apparatus to which the water supply apparatus is attached in an openable and closable fashion. A partition board is placed in the casing to divide the housing section within the casing into two. A ventilation section is provided in the partition board, for ventilation between one room and the other room of the divided housing section in the casing. A communicating section for placing a tip of a nozzle of the water supply apparatus is provided by cutting out the partition board.

Abstract: The cage for breeding small animals according to the present invention comprises a casing with an opening on an upper surface thereof, and a lid for covering the opening of the casing. The lid comprises a frame body attached to an upper end edge of the casing, and an opening for a water supply apparatus to which the water supply apparatus is attached in an openable and closable fashion. A partition board is placed in the casing to divide the housing section within the casing into two. A ventilation section is provided in the partition board, for ventilation between one room and the other room of the divided housing section in the casing. A communicating section for placing a tip of a nozzle of the water supply apparatus is provided by cutting out the partition board.

Abstract: The present invention has objectives of providing a low-cost, easy-to-handle individual isolation animal breeding unit and a system for using the same, significantly reducing costs of facilities and maintenance for animal experiments and saving on labor, and providing a new animal transportation form. For achieving the objectives, the present invention provides a system for maintaining an animal breeding environment, comprising A) an animal breeding unit capable of comprising an internal tray having a sufficient space for breeding an animal of interest, comprising an external tray capable of accommodating the internal tray, and capable of keeping a predetermined cleanliness degree; B) a method for providing the internal tray having the predetermined cleanliness degree; C) an internal tray exchange unit capable of accommodating the animal breeding unit and exchanging the internal tray while keeping the predetermined cleanliness degree; and D) a method for recovering the exchanged internal tray.

Abstract: A main scale is firmly bonded to a metal tape having a desired coefficient of linear expansion by a powerful adhesive. At the same time, the metal tape is fixed to a frame by a two-sided adhesive tape so as to be capable of expansion and contraction. A length measuring apparatus is provided, wherein a scale material which is unstable with respect to variations in temperature and humidity is stabilized, thereby achieving a desired coefficient of linear expansion.

Abstract: A two zone lens auto-focusing system to be used in a digital still camera includes a picture taking lens, a solenoid to switch the lens focus point between near distance point and far distance point. The CPU or the electronically controlled distance measuring system of the camera having detected the position of the object, it excites the solenoid, and the head of the solenoid is pulled into the solenoid body with a very short stroke, and the arm that is provided on the lens barrel and coupled with the solenoid head is also pulled toward the solenoid body to transfer the movement of solenoid head to the lens barrel, so that the lens focus may be set at either of far position or near position automatically. These members are assembled and form a simple two zone auto-focusing system of digital still cameras.

Abstract: The present invention has objectives of providing a low-cost, easy-to-handle individual isolation animal breeding unit and a system for using the same, significantly reducing costs of facilities and maintenance for animal experiments and saving on labor, and providing a new animal transportation form (breeding cage having a transportation function).

Abstract: A cylindrical grooved cam with a plurality of grooved cams provided on its inner cylindrical surface comprises an inner tube having at least two guide walls that are provided on its lower edge and represent one guide wall line of the grooved cam to be formed on the inner cylindrical surface; and an outer tube having at least two guide walls that are provided on its upper edge of protruded area on its cylindrical inner surface and represent the other guide wall line of the grooved cam to be formed on the inner cylindrical surface; wherein the inner tube is to be inserted into the outer tube from above so that the guide walls of the inner tube and the counter part guide walls of the outer tube form the grooved cams on the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical grooved cam.

Abstract: A multifocal lens system to be used for digital cameras for setting any one of a plurality of lenses in a picture taking (image capturing) position comprising a wide-angle lens (shorter focal length lens) mounted in front of an image sensor in a picture taking (image capturing) position, a telephoto lens (longer focal length lens) mounted alongside the wide-angle lens, a parallelogram prism (rhombic prism) or a pair of triangular prisms removably arranged between the two lenses at the rear of them. When the wide-angle lens is to be used, the parallelogram prism or one of the two triangular prisms is to be removed from the rear of wide-angle lens so that the wide-angle lens can be focused on the sensor enabling light to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A cylindrical grooved cam with a plurality of grooved cams provided on its inner cylindrical surface comprises an inner tube having at least two guide walls that are provided on its lower edge and represent one guide wall line of the grooved cam to be formed on the inner cylindrical surface; and an outer tube having at least two guide walls that are provided on its upper edge of protruded area on its cylindrical inner surface and represent the other guide wall line of the grooved cam to be formed on the inner cylindrical surface; wherein the inner tube is to be inserted into the outer tube from above so that the guide walls of the inner tube and the counter part guide walls of the outer tube form the grooved cams on the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical grooved cam.

Abstract: An optical apparatus to be used for digital still cameras for setting any one of a plurality of lenses in a picture taking (image capturing) position comprising a lens turret rotatable around an axis and having the lenses mounted thereon, a driving mechanism to rotate the lens turret so that one of the lenses can be set at the picture taking position and a means to adjust and extend the back focal length of the lens shaped like a column or square column and made of glass, plastic or the like that has higher refraction index than that of air. By said means of back focal length adjustment, the position of the lens with shorter focal length can be fixed on the lens turret moving apart from the image sensor like CCD or C-MOS upward without changing its focal length itself, and fixed at the same level thereon as the lens with longer focal length.

Abstract: A multifocal lens system to be used for digital cameras for setting any one of a plurality of lenses in a picture taking (image capturing) position comprising a wide-angle lens (shorter focal length lens) mounted in front of an image sensor in a picture taking (image capturing) position, a telephoto lens (longer focal length lens) mounted alongside the wide-angle lens, a parallelogram prism (rhombic prism) or a pair of triangular prisms removably arranged between the two lenses at the rear of them. When the wide-angle lens is to be used, the parallelogram prism or one of the two triangular prisms is to be removed from the rear of wide-angle lens so that the wide-angle lens can be focused on the sensor enabling light to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A main scale is firmly bonded to a metal tape having a desired coefficient of linear expansion by a powerful adhesive. At the same time, the metal tape is fixed to a frame by a two-sided adhesive tape so as to be capable of expansion and contraction.

Abstract: An optical apparatus to be used for digital still cameras for setting any one of a plurality of lenses in a picture taking (image capturing) position comprising a lens turret rotatable around an axis and having the lenses mounted thereon, a driving mechanism to rotate the lens turret so that one of the lenses can be set at the picture taking position and a means to adjust and extend the back focal length of the lens shaped like a column or square column and made of glass, plastic or the like that has higher refraction index than that of air. By said means of back focal length adjustment, the position of the lens with shorter focal length can be fixed on the lens turret moving apart from the image sensor like CCD or C-MOS upward without changing its focal length itself, and fixed at the same level thereon as the lens with longer focal length.

Abstract: A multifocal lens to be used for digital still cameras comprises a fixed first lens or a first group of lenses; a movable second lens or a second group of lenses; and a fixed third lens or a third group of lenses, wherein the second lens or second group of lenses moves back and forth (up and down) between the first and third lenses or lens groups, and changes its own focal length of the whole lens from wide angle to telephoto and vice versa.

Abstract: A system to be used in a digital still camera to control zooming of the zoom lens, uses programmed data written in a micro controller unit (MCU) instead of the known cams that are usually used to mechanically control zooming of the zoom lens of digital still cameras, and the system is used to control auto-focusing of the zoom lens with the very mechanism used for zoom controlling by receiving electronic signals (pulses) from the MCU or electronically controlled distance measuring system of the digital still camera.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light transmitting apparatus between a rotor and a stator for transmitting data. The apparatus comprises a light-emitting element arranged in a position of a first reference radius of the rotor for emitting a light beam in accordance with the data to be transmitted, a photo-detecting element arranged in a position of a second reference radius on the stator 12 for detecting the beam, and a fan-shaped optical guide member positioned between the stator and the rotor, made of a transparent material, and fixed to the stator. The beam is reflected by a first reflecting surface formed in the arcuate portion of the member and, then, reflected by a second reflecting surface formed in the proximal end portion of the member so as to guide the beam to the photo-detecting element.

Abstract: A light transmitting and receiving device including a light projecting unit having an optical axis of projection, a light receiving unit having an optical axis of reception, and an optical member, disposed where the optical axis of projection intersects the optical axis of reception, including therewithin a light beam splitter which reflects one of the light beam of the light projecting unit and the light beam of the light receiving unit while transmitting therethrough the other of the light beam of the light projecting unit and the light beam of the light receiving unit, and having a transmission surface from which the light beam of the light projecting unit is transmitted and a surface opposing the transmission surface, wherein the transmission surface and the opposing surface are mutually in parallel and are inclined to the principal ray of the transmitted light beam from the transmission surface.

Abstract: A single use camera which has a motor to advance film comprising a light-tight casing having an exposure aperture through which exposures are made, an unexposed film wound up around a pre-winding take-up spool disposed on one side of the exposure aperture, a removable film cartridge having a film take-up spool therein disposed on the opposite side of the exposure aperture from the pre-winding take-up spool, a motor to pre-wind the unexposed film around the pre-winding take-up spool beforehand and to wind exposed frames of the film back to the removable film cartridge. The motorized single use camera uses the built-in motor for all the film windings so that any special film loading device to roll up the unexposed film beforehand outside of the camera in a dark room is not required, and the same motor can be used for film winding after each exposure so that any manual film winding mechanism is not required.

Abstract: A mechanism to be used in 35 mm film format still cameras, which pre-winds a roll of unexposed film entirely by motor to the unexposed film chamber provided in the camera immediately after the camera back door has been closed with the unexposed film loaded inside without using any expensive electric circuits and devices like a CPU, and of which the pre-winding setting can be changed manually by hand to the winding setting (picture taking setting) for picture taking after the pre-winding has been completed, and which can be reset to the pre-winding setting of the mechanism automatically but mechanically when the camera back door is opened again after the film has been exposed, wound back into and stored in the film cartridge.

Abstract: A single use camera which has a motor to advance film comprising a light-tight casing having an exposure aperture through which exposures are made, an unexposed film wound up around a pre-winding take-up spool disposed on one side of the exposure aperture, a removable film cartridge having a film take-up spool therein disposed on the opposite side of the exposure aperture from the pre-winding take-up spool, a motor to pre-wind the unexposed film around the pre-winding take-up spool beforehand and to wind exposed frames of the film back to the removable film cartridge. The motorized single use camera uses the built-in motor for all the film windings so that any special film loading device to roll up the unexposed film beforehand outside of the camera in a dark room is not required, and the same motor can be used for film winding after each exposure so that any manual film winding mechanism is not required.