Abstract: A layered material 1 includes two metal sheets 2,3 and one ceramic sheet 4, wherein the metal sheets 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 are stacked so that the ceramic sheet 4 is disposed between the two metal sheets 2,3, and then bonded together through spark plasma sintering. The difference in melting temperature between the metal sheets 2 and 3 is 140° C. or less. The layered material 1 is produced by stacking two metallic sheets 2,3 that have a difference in melting temperature of 140° C. or less and the ceramic sheet 4 so that the ceramic sheet 4 is placed between the both metal sheets 2,3, then disposing the stacked structure of the metal sheet 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 between a pair of electrodes in a spark plasma sintering device, and bonding the metal sheets 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 by applying a pulse current between the electrodes while maintaining the conduction between the electrodes.

Abstract: A clad material 1A for insulating substrates is provided with a Ni layer 4 made of Ni or a Ni alloy, a Ti layer 6 made of Ti or a Ti alloy and arranged on one side of the Ni layer, and a first Al layer 7 made of Al or an Al alloy and arranged on one side of the Ti layer 6 that is opposite to a side of the Ti layer 6 on which the Ni layer 4 is arranged. The Ni layer 4 and the Ti layer 6 are joined by clad rolling. A Ni—Ti series superelastic alloy layer 5 formed by alloying at least Ni of constituent elements of the Ni layer 4 and at least Ti of constituent elements of the Ti layer 6 is interposed between the Ni layer 4 and the Ti layer 6. The Ti layer 6 and the first Al layer 7 are joined by clad rolling in an adjoining manner.

Abstract: The production method of a cooler includes a laminated material production step S1 and a brazing joining step. In the laminated material production step, a laminated material is formed by integrally joining a Ni layer made of Ni or a Ni alloy having an upper surface to which a member to be cooled is to be joined by soldering, a Ti layer made of Ti or a Ti alloy and arranged on a lower surface side of the Ni layer, and an Al layer made of Al or an Al alloy and arranged on a lower surface side of the Ti layer in a laminated manner. In the brazing joining step, a lower surface of the Al layer of the laminated material and a cooling surface of a cooler main body are joined by brazing.

Abstract: The production method of a cooler includes a laminated material production step S1 and a brazing joining step. In the laminated material production step, a laminated material is formed by integrally joining a Ni layer made of Ni or a Ni alloy having an upper surface to which a member to be cooled is to be joined by soldering, a Ti layer made of Ti or a Ti alloy and arranged on a lower surface side of the Ni layer, and an Al layer made of Al or an Al alloy and arranged on a lower surface side of the Ti layer in a laminated manner. In the brazing joining step, a lower surface of the Al layer of the laminated material and a cooling surface of a cooler main body are joined by brazing.

Abstract: A clad material 1A for insulating substrates is provided with a Ni layer 4 made of Ni or a Ni alloy, a Ti layer 6 made of Ti or a Ti alloy and arranged on one side of the Ni layer, and a first Al layer 7 made of Al or an Al alloy and arranged on one side of the Ti layer 6 that is opposite to a side of the Ti layer 6 on which the Ni layer 4 is arranged. The Ni layer 4 and the Ti layer 6 are joined by clad rolling. A Ni—Ti series superelastic alloy layer 5 formed by alloying at least Ni of constituent elements of the Ni layer 4 and at least Ti of constituent elements of the Ti layer 6 is interposed between the Ni layer 4 and the Ti layer 6. The Ti layer 6 and the first Al layer 7 are joined by clad rolling in an adjoining manner.

Abstract: A layered material 1 includes two metal sheets 2,3 and one ceramic sheet 4, wherein the metal sheets 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 are stacked so that the ceramic sheet 4 is disposed between the two metal sheets 2,3, and then bonded together through spark plasma sintering. The difference in melting temperature between the metal sheets 2 and 3 is 140° C. or less. The layered material 1 is produced by stacking two metallic sheets 2,3 that have a difference in melting temperature of 140° C. or less and the ceramic sheet 4 so that the ceramic sheet 4 is placed between the both metal sheets 2,3, then disposing the stacked structure of the metal sheet 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 between a pair of electrodes in a spark plasma sintering device, and bonding the metal sheets 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 by applying a pulse current between the electrodes while maintaining the conduction between the electrodes.

Abstract: A fiber treatment agent contains components (a) and (b). A fiber treated with the fiber treatment agent and a fiber fabric including the fiber are also provided. The component (a) an insoluble egg-shell membrane fine powder with a mean particle size of 0.1 to 10 ?m while the component (b) is a synthetic resin emulsion or a synthetic resin solution.

Abstract: The modifying powder is silk powder having an average particle diameter of 10 ?m or less, oil absorption of 130 ml/100 g or less and particle diameter of 80 ?m or less on the basis of dispersion degree evaluation with a grind gauge according to JIS K5400; or polysaccharide powder having an average particle diameter of 10 ?m or less, and ink viscosity of less than 15 Pa·s or oil absorption of 85 ml/100 g or less. Such modifying powders can be obtained through a method comprising a first pulverization process for pulverizing a starting material for modifying material using a dry-type mechanical pulverizer such as a ball mill, and a second pulverization process for pulverizing the obtained pulverized product with a jet mill to fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 ?m or less, wherein pulverization treatment time in the first pulverization process is determined to be 40 hours or more.

Abstract: A fiber treatment agent contains components (a) and (b). A fiber treated with the fiber treatment agent and a fiber fabric including the fiber are also provided. The component (a) an insoluble egg-shell membrane fine powder with a mean particle size of 0.1 to 10 ?m while the component (b) is a synthetic resin emulsion or a synthetic resin solution.

Abstract: The modifying powder is silk powder having an average particle diameter of 10 ?m or less, oil absorption of 130 ml/100 g or less and particle diameter of 80 ?m or less on the basis of dispersion degree evaluation with a grind gauge according to JIS K5400; or polysaccharide powder having an average particle diameter of 10 ?m or less, and ink viscosity of less than 15 Pa·s or oil absorption of 85 ml/100 g or less. Such modifying powders can be obtained through a method comprising a first pulverization process for pulverizing a starting material for modifying material using a dry-type mechanical pulverizer such as a ball mill, and a second pulverization process for pulverizing the obtained pulverized product with a jet mill to fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 ?m or less, wherein pulverization treatment time in the first pulverization process is determined to be 40 hours or more.

Abstract: A deodorant includes a powder of an amine salt of a phosphorus inorganic acid, the powder having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 30 ?m. The amine salt of a phosphorus inorganic acid is preferably an ammonium salt. Deodorant products including the deodorant such as an adhesive, a paint and a foamed material can be substantially reduced in formaldehyde emission therefrom, and can deodorize formaldehyde existed in the environment.