Abstract: The water treatment device according to the present disclosure includes: an electrochemical cell having electrodes including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a bipolar membrane; a tank; a power supply configured to apply power to the electrodes; a water circulation flow path having at least the tank and the electrochemical cell and through which water circulates; a circulation device configured to circulate water in the water circulation flow path; a raw water supply path configured to supply raw water to the water circulation flow path; and a control device. In performing water softening treatment in the electrochemical cell where power is applied to the electrodes so as to remove ions from raw water and soft water is produced, the control device drives the circulation device so as to circulate water in the water circulation flow path.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell according to the present disclosure includes a casing provided with an inflow port and an outflow port, a bipolar membrane laminated body in which two or more bipolar membranes are laminated so as to be opposed, electrodes disposed so as to sandwich the bipolar membrane laminated body, and a first diffusion member disposed between the inflow port and the bipolar membrane laminated body, and provided with through holes communicating between the inflow port and the bipolar membrane laminated body. The first diffusion member is formed such that each of the through holes provided in a peripheral edge portion has a larger opening area than an opening area of the through holes provided in a central portion. This can uniformize a flow of water, so that water treatment can be efficiently executed.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane is provided with a first cation exchange composition which has a cation exchange group and is formed in a sheet form; a first anion exchange composition which is disposed to be in contact with the first cation exchange composition, has an anion exchange group, and is formed in a sheet form. Furthermore, the ion exchange membrane is provided with a second cation exchange composition which has a cation exchange group, which is formed in a sheet form, and which is disposed to be opposed to the first cation exchange composition, and through which water permeates more easily than in the first cation exchange composition; and a second anion exchange composition which has an anion exchange group, which is formed in a sheet form, and which is disposed to be opposed to the first anion exchange composition, and through which water permeates more easily than in the first anion exchange composition.

Abstract: A gas sensor including: an insulating substrate; a pair of thin film electrodes provided on the insulating substrate in such a manner as to leave a fixed space between them; a gas sensitive film including a metallic oxide which is provided in such a manner as to substantially fill at least the fixed space left between the electrodes; and a catalytically active protective layer formed in such a manner as to cover the surface of the metallic oxide exposed to the outside.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plant disease control agent containing as active ingredient one or more compounds of the formula ?1!A--COOR.sup.1 ?1!whereinR.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, andA represents a group of the formula (A-1) or (A-2) ##STR1## R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, R.sup.3 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group,R.sup.4 represents a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, andR.sup.5 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group.Further, the compound of A-1 in the formula ?1! in which R.sup.3 is a halogen atom is also included in the present invention.