Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus includes an image pickup optical system; an image pickup device for converting an optical image formed by the image pickup optical system into an electric image signal at a predetermined cycle and outputting the electric signal; a focusing device; an optical flow calculation device for calculating optical flows in accordance with the image signals in a first image plane at a first time and a second image plane at a second time different from the first time, and for calculating an average of magnitudes and directions of the optical flows; and a judgment device for determining whether or not the focusing device is to be driven in accordance with calculated average of the magnitudes and the directions of the optical flows.

Abstract: In an image processing computer system for a photogrammetric analytical measurement, a picture has an image of a target with three main reference point areas and an assistant reference point area. Positions of the reference point areas are determined by a two-dimensional picture coordinate system defined on the target. Positions of the main reference point areas are calculated with a three-dimensional camera coordinate system defined on a camera. Positions of the main reference point areas are calculated by a two-dimensional image-plane coordinate system, defined on an image-plane of the camera, based on the calculated three-dimensional positions of the main reference point areas. Camera parameters are calculated based on the two-dimensional positions of the main reference point areas of the picture coordinate system and the positions of the main reference point areas of the image-plane coordinate system.

Abstract: A target, which is photographed with an object at a spot for a photogrammetric analytical measurement, includes a first bar and a second bar that are connected to each other; at least three standard point members, lying on one plane, and fixed on the first bar and the second bar; and non-reflecting members that are respectively attachable to and removable from said at least three standard points. The at least three standard point members may respectively include a circular portion, a diameter of which substantially equals a width of the first bar and the second bar. Each of the non-reflecting members includes a circular plate defining a circular opening, a diameter of which substantially equals the diameter of the circular portion of the three standard point members.

Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus includes an image pickup optical system; an image pickup device for converting an optical image formed by the image pickup optical system into an electric image signal at a predetermined cycle and outputting the electric signal; a focusing device; an optical flow calculation device for calculating optical flows in accordance with the image signals in a first image plane at a first time and a second image plane at a second time different from the first time, and for calculating an average of magnitudes and directions of the optical flows; and a judgment device for determining whether or not the focusing device is to be driven in accordance with calculated average of the magnitudes and the directions of the optical flows.

Abstract: A target, which is photographed with an object at a spot for a photogrammtric analytical measurement, comprises first, second, third standard point members and assistant point members. The standard point members and the assistant point members are covered by a reflecting sheet. A distance between the first and second standard point members equals a distance between the second and third standard point members. Two assistant point members are positioned on a first straight line connecting the first and second standard point members. One assistant point member is positioned on a second straight line connecting the second and third standard point members. The distance between the first and second standard point members, the distance between the second and third standard point members, and an angle defined by the first and second straight lines, are predetermined.

Abstract: In image processing computer system for a photogrammetric analytical measurement in which a survey map is produced on the basis of plural pairs of pictures photographed at different positions, each picture features a photographed target. Plural frames of image data for producing the pictures are stored in a memory, and the frames of image data are read from the memory in a given order such that two consecutive frames of image data are handled as a pair of pictures. A monitor displays two pictures side by side, which are rearranged until two pictures displayed side by side form a proper pair for producing a survey map section. It is determined whether respective two pictures displayed side by side are defined as left-hand and right-hand pictures or right-hand and left-hand pictures with respect to the targets photographed thereon, whereby respective left-hand and right-hand pictures in each pair are displayed at left and right sides on the monitor.

Abstract: A first points range of high brightness and a second points range of high brightness in a photographed image are selected. It is checked if an identical end point is shared by the three and four points range selected. A first straight line, connecting a center of gravity corresponding to the identical end point and a center of gravity corresponding to another end point of the first points range opposite to the identical end point, is calculated. A second straight line, connecting the center of gravity corresponding to the identical end point and a center of gravity corresponding to another end point of the second points range opposite to the identical end point, is calculated. It is checked if an angle, defined by the first and second straight lines, is within a predetermined limit.

Abstract: A three points range of high brightness and a four points range of high brightness in a photographed image are selected. It is checked if an identical end point is shared by the three and four points range selected. It is checked if a center of gravity corresponding to the identical end point, a center of gravity corresponding to another end point of the three points rage opposite to the identical end point, and a center of gravity corresponding to another end point of the four points range opposite to the identical end point, meet a positional relationship between standard points of a target.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring three-dimension information of an object has an image reader, a corresponding point detector and a three-dimension information calculator. The image reader reads a pair of images recorded in a recording medium in the apparatus. Note that, the object is cylindrical and a pair of occluding contours is reflected in each of the pair of images. The corresponding point detector detects at least one pair of corresponding points, which is an imaginary pair of images of at least one measuring point positioned on a central axis, on a pair of bisecting lines. The three-dimension information calculator calculates the three-dimension position of the at least one measuring point on the basis of the at least one pair of corresponding points by applying a triangulation method.

Abstract: A schematic illustration drawing apparatus utilized for drawing a schematic illustration corresponding to a image that is captured by a digital camera or scanner is provided. The apparatus comprises an image indicating processor, drawing processor, transmittance setting processor, and adjusting processor. The image indicating processor indicates the image and illustration on the screen of a display as a first and second layer, so that the illustration is superimposed on the image. The brightness and contrast of the image in the first layer is adjusted by the transmittance of the second layer that is set by the transmittance setting processor, so that the illustration is made prominent from the image. As a result, an operator can easily trace the image on the screen with the drawing processor, as if the operator were drawing the illustration on tracing paper.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring three-dimension information of an object has an image reader, a corresponding point detector and a three-dimension information calculator. The image reader reads a pair of images recorded in a recording medium in the apparatus. Note that, the object is cylindrical and a pair of occluding contours is reflected in each of the pair of images. The corresponding point detector detects at least one pair of corresponding points, which is an imaginary pair of images of at least one measuring point positioned on a central axis, on a pair of bisecting lines. The three-dimension information calculator calculates the three-dimension position of the at least one measuring point on the basis of the at least one pair of corresponding points by applying a triangulation method.

Abstract: A photogrammetric measurement system produces a survey map based on a set of photographed pictures obtained at two different photographing positions. Each of the pictures includes at least one continuous line and at least three conspicuous points away from the continuous line, with at least one of the conspicuous points and remaining conspicuous points being placed at opposing sides of the continuous line. The set of pictures are produced as a first picture and a second picture. First lines are produced between the conspicuous points on the first picture such that the lines intersect the continuous line, thereby generating intersecting points. Second lines are produced between the conspicuous points on the second picture such that the lines intersect the continuous line, thereby generating further intersecting points.

Abstract: In image processing computer system for a photogrammetric analytical measurement in which a survey map is produced on the basis of plural pairs of pictures photographed at different positions, each picture features a photographed target. Plural frames of image data for producing the pictures are stored in a memory, and the frames of image data are read from the memory in a given order such that two consecutive frames of image data are handled as a pair of pictures. A monitor displays two pictures side by side, which are rearranged until two pictures displayed side by side form a proper pair for producing a survey map section. It is determined whether respective two pictures displayed side by side are defined as left-hand and right-hand pictures or right-hand and left-hand pictures with respect to the targets photographed thereon, whereby respective left-hand and right-hand pictures in each pair are displayed at left and right sides on the monitor.