Abstract: A VCO/current switching circuit outputs a VCO selection signal for selecting one VCO out of two or more VCOs on the basis of the externally provided frequency division data. Moreover, when switching the VCOs, the VCO/current switching circuit outputs a switching signal for changing the output current of the variable charge pump to a larger value than normal (value when it is locked). After completing the switching of the VCOs, the VCO/current switching circuit outputs a switching signal for changing the output current of the variable charge pump to a normal small value.

Abstract: In order to provide an IF counting method for realizing an IF counter with a smaller circuit configuration, an IF counter comprises a countdown IF counting unit 1 for counting frequency-divided IF signals, an IF count time period determination unit 2 for determining a count time period, an IF count upper limit presetting unit 3 for providing the countdown IF counting unit 1 with an initial value, a lower-order m-bit comparison unit 5 for comparing the lower-order m bits of the value counted by the countdown IF counting unit 1 with information preset in the IF count upper/lower limit difference presetting unit 3 and a determination unit 6 for determining whether the count value is within a prescribed range, according to the higher-order (n+1?m) bits of the value counted by the countdown IF counting unit 1 and the comparison result of the lower-order m-bit comparison unit.

Abstract: A hollow magnetic member includes a plurality of separate magnetic pieces. A parting surface between such pieces is defined by a plane parallel to or defining an angle of not more than forty-five (45) degrees with a center axis of the magnetic member. A holder for supporting a polarizer has such a cross section defined by a part of a cylinder cut away along a plane parallel to or defining an angle of not more than forty-five (45) degrees with the center axis thereof. A notched portion is formed in a cutting surface for containing the polarizer. A jig for assembly includes a base for holding the holder and a plate for positioning optical elements such as the polarizer. The holder is disposed in a recess in the base with the notched portion directed upward. A bonding material is applied to the notched portion prior to installation of the polarizer. The plate is placed on the base by inserting pins through holes, and then a screw is engaged with a tapped hole.