Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus including developing units which develop latent images formed on image carriers for colors of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black using toners of the corresponding colors, transfer units which transfer toner images in the respective colors formed on the image carriers onto the same transfer body, and a fixing unit which fixes the toner images, and toner preferably used in the image forming apparatus. The developing unit performs development using toner in which, out of five materials of silica, titania, barium sulfate, fine polymer particles, and a lubricant, materials not including either fine polymer particles or barium sulfate are fixed as an external additive, in order to avoid poor transfer and toner filming, improve the cleaning properties, and form an excellent image.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus is provided which primarily transfers a toner image onto an intermediate transfer member, and then secondarily transfers the toner image from the intermediate transfer member onto a transfer material, wherein a controller controls the process so that when the image forming apparatus stops, a toner image &agr; formed on a non-image area of a photoconductive member is preventing from causing image problems.

Abstract: This invention relates to an image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes a primary transfer means for bringing one surface of an intermediate transfer body and/or transfer medium into contact with a photosensitive body surface and pressing the surface against the photosensitive body surface to transfer a toner image formed on the photosensitive body surface onto one surface of the intermediate transfer body and/or transfer medium.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus is provided which primarily transfers a toner image onto an intermediate transfer member, and then secondarily transfers the toner image from the intermediate transfer member onto a transfer material, wherein a controller controls the process so that when the image forming apparatus stops, a toner image pattern &agr; formed on a non-image area of a photoconductive member is preventing from causing image problems.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, which includes a photoreceptor having a substrate whose surface having been subjected to a surface processing with a cutting tool, and a photosensitive layer formed on the substrate; an exposure device for exposing an image on the photoreceptor to form a latent image, having a light source for emitting a light beam, and carrying out exposure in a manner of dot arrangement through a main scanning by the deflection of the light beam and a sub-scanning by a movement of the photoreceptor; a developing device; and a transfer device. The apparatus is characterized in that the exposure device carries out scanning exposure with a spatial frequency of dot arrangement pitch of not less than 4 dots/mm in the main scanning direction, and surface roughness Rz of the substrate in the main scanning direction is not greater than 1.5 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having: an image forming body for forming a latent image and a toner image; a developing device for developing with a toner the latent image formed on the image forming body to form the toner image; a primary transfer device for transferring the toner image on the image forming body onto an intermediate transfer body; and a secondary transfer device for transferring the toner image on the intermediate transfer body onto an image support. The primary transfer device has conductive body or semiconductive body, and is provided with a power supply unit for applying a bias voltage. It is characterized in that the variation coefficient of the shape factor of the toner is 16% or less, and the number variation coefficient of the number particle size distribution of the toner is 27% or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided which includes photoreceptors, around which are a charging section, an exposing section and a developing section, for forming a toner image. The image forming apparatus also includes a rotatable intermediate transfer member, first transfer sections, a second transfer section, having a transfer roller, for transferring the toner image from the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material, and a controller to control the image forming condition based on a detected density of an image pattern a formed on a non-image area of the photoreceptor. The controller releases a pressure contact of the transfer roller of the second transfer section, before the image pattern &agr; arrives at the second transfer section and starts a next print cycle after again making the pressure contact.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises; photoreceptors, around which is a charging section, an exposing section and a developing section, for forming a toner image; a rotatable intermediate transfer member; first transfer sections; a second transfer section, having a transfer roller, for transferring the toner image from the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material; and a controller to control the image forming condition based on the detected density of an image pattern &agr; formed on a non-image area of the photoreceptor; wherein the controller releases a pressure contact of the transfer roller of the second transfer section, before the image pattern &agr; arrives the second transfer section, and starts a next print cycle after again making the pressure contact.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus for forming a toner image on a photoreceptor having charging, exposing and developing means in its periphery, primarily transferring said toner image onto an intermediate transfer member, and then secondarily transferring said toner image from said intermediate transfer member onto transfer material, wherein the controller controls the process so that when the image forming apparatus stops, a toner image &agr; formed on a non-image area of the photoconductive member is not kept nipped at the transferring sections.

Abstract: A sheet conveyance device for conveying a recording sheet in use with a coping machine. The sheet conveyance device includes a photoreceptor, having a moving surface, for holding a toner image; a photoreceptor driver for driving the moving surface of the photoreceptor at a first linear speed; an image forming device, including a latent image writer and a developer of the latent image with toner, for forming the toner image on the moving surface; a transferor for transferring the toner image from the moving surface onto the recording sheet at a transfer processing section; an intermediate conveyance device for conveying the recording sheet from the transfer processing section to a conveyance unit; and the conveyance unit, having a unit body, for conveying the recording sheet from the intermediate conveyance device to outside of the coping machine.