Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate satisfying a condition (A); an undercoat layer satisfying conditions (B) and (C), disposed on the conductive substrate, and containing metal oxide particles; and a photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer: condition (A): in the case where depressions existing in the surface of the conductive substrate are observed with a laser microscope, the width of the largest depression is 400 ?m or less, and the depth of the depression is 15 ?m or less; condition (B): in the case where the undercoat layer is subjected to a Cole-Cole plot analysis, an angular frequency ?max at which a complex impedance component is maximum is from 2.0 rad to 25.0 rad; and condition (C): volume resistivity obtained from the Cole-Cole plot analysis of the undercoat layer is from 7.0×107? to 1.0×109?.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate satisfying a condition (A); an undercoat layer satisfying conditions (B) and (C), disposed on the conductive substrate, and containing metal oxide particles; and a photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer: condition (A): in the case where depressions existing in the surface of the conductive substrate are observed with a laser microscope, the width of the largest depression is 400 ?m or less, and the depth of the depression is 15 ?m or less; condition (B): in the case where the undercoat layer is subjected to a Cole-Cole plot analysis, an angular frequency ?max at which a complex impedance component is maximum is from 2.0 rad to 25.0 rad; and condition (C): volume resistivity obtained from the Cole-Cole plot analysis of the undercoat layer is from 7.0×107? to 1.0×109?.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an electrophotographic photoreceptor which includes an electroconductive substrate, an undercoat layer which is provided on the electroconductive substrate and has an electrostatic capacitance per unit area of from 2×10?10 F/cm2 to 2×10?F/cm, and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer; a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by using a developer containing a toner, so as to form a toner image; and a direct transfer type transfer unit that directly transfers the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a charge generation layer including a charge generating material and a hindered phenol antioxidant, and a charge transport layer including a charge transport material represented by formula (CT1) and a charge transport material represented by formula (CT2): wherein RC11, RC12, RC13, RC14, RC15 and RC16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and n and m each independently represent 0, 1, or 2; and wherein RC21, RC22 , and RC23 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a photosensitive layer that contains a charge generation material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin; a charging unit; an electrostatic latent image forming unit; a developing unit; and a transfer unit.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer arranged on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge-generating material, a charge-transporting material having a specific structure, a charge-transporting material having another specific structure, and at least one selected from a group consisting of a hindered phenol antioxidant having a molecular weight of 300 or more and a benzophenone UV absorbent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate; and an inorganic protective layer that is provided on the organic photosensitive layer so as to be in contact with a surface of the organic photosensitive layer, wherein the organic photosensitive layer includes at least a charge transport material and silica particles in a region on the surface side in contact with the inorganic protective layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical conductive substrate, an undercoat layer containing a cured product of a resin and a blocked isocyanate and being disposed on the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer. The degree of curing of the undercoat layer defined by the equation below is about 1.5 or less in both a region A and a region B defined below: Region A (B): A region between a position distant from a first (second) end of the conductive substrate by about ? of a length of the conductive substrate and a position distant from the first (second) end of the conductive substrate by about ? of the length of the conductive substrate Degree of curing=[Amount (g) of blocking agent separated from blocked isocyanate in undercoat layer]/weight of undercoat layer (g)×100.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical conductive substrate, an undercoat layer containing a cured product of a resin and a blocked isocyanate and being disposed on the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer. The degree of curing of the undercoat layer defined by the equation below is about 1.5 or less in both a region A and a region B defined below: Region A (B): A region between a position distant from a first (second) end of the conductive substrate by about ? of a length of the conductive substrate and a position distant from the first (second) end of the conductive substrate by about ? of the length of the conductive substrate Degree of curing=[Amount (g) of blocking agent separated from blocked isocyanate in undercoat layer]/weight of undercoat layer (g)×100.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive support and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 20% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 30% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes at least an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a conductive support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer; a charging device that charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in a contact charging mode, in which only DC voltage is applied; an electrostatic latent image forming device that exposes the surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image by a developer to form a toner image; and a transfer device that directly transfers the toner image from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a transfer medium; and does not include an erasing device for erasing the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor after the toner image is transferred onto the transfer medium by the transfer device and before the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is charged by the charging device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate; and an inorganic protective layer that is provided on the organic photosensitive layer so as to be in contact with a surface of the organic photosensitive layer, wherein the organic photosensitive layer includes at least a charge transport material and silica particles in a region on the surface side in contact with the inorganic protective layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer that are provided in this order on the conductive support, wherein the undercoat layer includes at least metallic oxide particles, a reactive acceptor substance including an anthraquinone structure expressed by the following Formula 1, and a binder resin, the charge generation layer includes hydroxygallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material, and a reflectance of incident light having a wavelength of 780 nm on a surface of the charge generation layer when the charge transport layer is removed is 17% or greater: wherein the anthraquinone structure expressed by Formula 1 is bonded to another structure at a position of *, and thus forms the reactive acceptor substance, and in Formula 1, n1 represents an integer of 1 to 7.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support; an undercoat layer which is provided on the support and contains at least a binder resin, metal oxide particles, and an electron-accepting compound having an anthraquinone structure, in which a content of the electron-accepting compound is from 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight with respect to the metal oxide particles and a contact angle of the metal oxide particles with respect to water is from 7° to 12°; and a photosensitive layer which is provided on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support; an undercoat layer which is provided on the support and contains at least a binder resin, metal oxide particles, and an electron-accepting compound having an anthraquinone structure, in which a content of the electron-accepting compound is from 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight with respect to the metal oxide particles and a contact angle of the metal oxide particles with respect to water is from 7° to 12°; and a photosensitive layer which is provided on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a base, an undercoat layer that contains a metal oxide and an electron-accepting material and has a thickness of about 3 ?m or more and about 15 ?m or less, and a photosensitive layer containing a polymer having a repeating unit represented by general formula (1) where R1 and R2 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer that are provided in this order on the conductive support, wherein the undercoat layer includes at least metallic oxide particles, a reactive acceptor substance including an anthraquinone structure expressed by the following Formula 1, and a binder resin, the charge generation layer includes hydroxygallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material, and a reflectance of incident light having a wavelength of 780 nm on a surface of the charge generation layer when the charge transport layer is removed is 17% or greater: wherein the anthraquinone structure expressed by Formula 1 is bonded to another structure at a position of *, and thus forms the reactive acceptor substance, and in Formula 1, n1 represents an integer of 1 to 7.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes at least an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a conductive support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer; a charging device that charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in a contact charging mode, in which only DC voltage is applied; an electrostatic latent image forming device that exposes the surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image by a developer to form a toner image; and a transfer device that directly transfers the toner image from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a transfer medium; and does not include an erasing device for erasing the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor after the toner image is transferred onto the transfer medium by the transfer device and before the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is charged by the charging device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive support and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 20% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 30% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, includes: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer provided on or above the conductive support, the photosensitive layer including an outermost surface layer at the farthest location from the conductive support, wherein the outermost surface layer contains: coated insulating inorganic particles obtained by subjecting insulating inorganic particles having a specific surface area of not more than about 300 m2/g to a coating treatment with an aromatic functional group-containing compound; and fluorine-containing organic particles.