Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes. The difference ?? in the dielectric constant of the variable refractive index material due to the anisotropy is positive at one of the driving frequencies and negative at the other driving frequency.

Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes. The difference ?? in the dielectric constant of the variable refractive index material due to the anisotropy is positive at one of the driving frequencies and negative at the other driving frequency.

Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy and having a property in which a sign of a difference &Dgr;&egr; in dielectric constant due to the anisotropy is reversed at driving frequencies f1 and f2, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the layer including the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including the driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes.

Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes. The difference &Dgr;&egr; in the dielectric constant of the variable refractive index material due to the anisotropy is positive at one of the driving frequencies and negative at the other driving frequency.

Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes. The difference &Dgr;∈ in the dielectric constant of the variable refractive index material due to the anisotropy is positive at one of the driving frequencies and negative at the other driving frequency.

Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes. The difference &Dgr;∈ in the dielectric constant of the variable refractive index material due to the anisotropy is positive at one of the driving frequencies and negative at the driving frequency.

Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy and having a property in which a sign of a difference &Dgr;&egr; in dielectric constant due to the anisotropy is reversed at driving frequencies f1 and f2, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the layer including the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including the driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes.

Abstract: An active matrix type display device is disclosed having an m number of unit pixel array blocks repetitively arranged in a row direction. Each pixel array block comprises a k rows.times.n columns matrix of display elements (Cij, i=1, 2, . . . n, j=1, 2, . . . n) and scanning lines G1 . . . Gn and data signal lines D1 . . . Dn are arranged in an intersecting fashion with first and second switching elements of each display element connected to the corresponding lines in a manner to provide different data input routes.