Abstract: An apparatus for determining water content of powder/granule sample including a rectangular waveguide system substantially set up in the upright or vertical disposition, consisting of a microwave transmitting converter, a microwave waveguide, and a microwave receiving converter; the apparatus comprising: a sample container for containing powder or granular sample and being accommodated inside of the microwave waveguide; the waveguide being provided with an inlet hole communicated to the inner space of the cavity resonator at one of side walls, and having a door for opening and closing the hole and a supporting element for the sample container within the waveguide; a buffer weighing system for supporting the hollow waveguide on a supporting table in the upright or vertical disposition and generates electric signals designating the supporting weight; and signal processing means for receiving signal output from the microwave receiving converter and the other signal from said buffer weighing system, storing and a

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring electric characteristics of sheet-like materials using an instrument which includes a waveguide tube member having one end connected to transmitter for introducing a microwave into the tube member and the other end fully opened, a waveguide terminal member having an opened end facing the opened end of the tube member to form slit of the whole wave guide body constituted from the tube and terminal members and having the other end connected to first microwave detector, and an auxiliary waveguide branching from the wall portion of said tube member adjacent to the slit with the branch-extension end being associated with a second microwave detector.

Abstract: The combination of a polarizer and an analyzer, and a sample interposed therebetween are rotated relative to each other to determine the relationship between the angle of rotation and the intensity of light transmitted through the arrangement. The birefringence of the sample is obtained from the retardation values calculated from the result of the determination. When the determination is made for two kinds of light with different wavelengths close to each other, the retardation can be determined straightforwardly. When at least three kinds of light with different wavelengths are used for the determination, different retardation values are obtained for the respective wavelengths for a highly accurate analysis.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring the high frequency characteristics of a sheet-like material comprising: a pair of opposed slits formed in a pair of opposed tube walls of a cavity resonator having an optional cross-sectional shape, said slits extending parallel to the tube axis and enabling a sheet-like material to be inserted such that it extends across said cavity resonator; a driving section disposed at one end of said cavity resonator and having a driving conductor for producing microwaves for driving said cavity resonator in the direction to form an electric field which is perpendicular to the tube wall surfaces formed with said pair of slits; a detecting section disposed at the other end of said cavity resonator and having a probe conductor for receiving said microwaves; and a controlling and calculating device for detecting the resonant frequency or attenuation of received microwaves and calculating the high frequency characteristics of the sample from the detection result.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the anisotropy of a sample of a light transmitting sheet is disclosed. The surface of the sample is irradiated with a polarized light which is directed through the sample to an analyzer element. The polarizing plane of the analyzer is matched to, or maintained in a predetermined angular relation to, the polarizing plane of the polarized light. The sample is rotated relative to the analyzer element so that the optical anisotropy can be determined from the relationship between the rotation angle and the output of measured light.

Abstract: Method for measuring complex dielectric or magnetic constant of materials in three-dimensional directions comprising the steps of: inserting a specimen held by a rotary holder into a slit which is provided in such a position corresponding to the antinode or belly portion of electric or magnetic field of a cavity resonator that the slit fully turns around the four-side walls of the cavity resonator in a plane perpendicular to the axis thereof to rotatably accommodate the holder about the axis; measuring the respective resonant frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 and the respective Q-values Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 of the cavity resonator before and after inserting said specimen into the split; and calculating the complex dielectric or magnetic constant for each of some rotation angles of the holder and each of some insertion dispositions of the specimen to the holder.

Abstract: A method of measuring the orientation of the constituents of specimens is disclosed, which includes the steps of preparing a cavity resonator in the form of a pair of waveguides forming a cavity, said waveguides being formed with a slit, inserting a specimen sheet or web in said slit, oscillating said cavity resonator by microwaves of fixed frequency while producing a relative rotation between said inserted specimen sheet or web and the plane of microwaves of the cavity resonator, measuring the amount of attenuation of the output signal or transmitted microwave intensity from said cavity resonator with respect to said exciting input signal, and measuring the orientation from the relation between said amount of attenuation or transmitted microwave intensity and the angle of said specimen sheet with respect to the cavity resonator, said method being characterized in that the oscillation frequency of said microwaves is set shifted slightly toward the higher side from the resonance frequency of the cavity resonat

Abstract: A method of measuring the orientation or dielectric characteristic of a dielectric sheet or web is disclosed, with the steps of inserting a sample portion of the dielectric sheet or web in a small clearance in a cavity resonator formed of a pair of waveguides respectively having a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, said waveguides being spaced apart from each other with their openings defining said clearance therebetween, irradiating said sample portion with frequency sweep type linearly polarized microwaves from the upper waveguide perpendicularly to said sample portion while producing a relative rotational motion between the plane of polarization of microwaves and said sample portion around the axis of said cavity resonator, and measuring the resonance frequency or Q value of the microwaves received by the lower waveguide.

Abstract: A method of detecting and sorting pieces of insulating materials admixed in small pieces of conductive materials, which comprises detecting and amplifying the surface potentials of the conductive materials and the insulating materials by a surface potentiometer on the basis of a time differentiation method, inputting the signal to a comparator, and sensing the presence of the insulating materials. This method is utilized to detect and sort plastics admixed in pulp and papermaking materials or cereals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the orientation of the constituents of sheets are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of inserting a sheet into a small clearance with which the openings in a pair of waveguides are opposed to each other to form a cavity resonator, producing a relative motion at a constant speed between the sheet and the resonator while emitting linearly polarized microwaves from the upper waveguide to allow them to fall on the sheet at right angles thereto, measuring the amount of attenuation of the microwaves by the lower waveguide, and determining the orientation of the constituent of the sheet from that angle of the sheet with respect to the plane of polarization of the microwaves which gives the maximum attenuation.