Abstract: A copolymer includes the structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and the structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R1 and R2 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, and n represents a value in the range of from 1 to 90, where R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and L represents a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—, the oxygen atom of which is bonded with the biphenyl; and n represents an integer of from 2 to 18.

Abstract: An ink includes water, a pigment, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M1+ and M2+ each, independently represent monovalent cations, n and m each, independently represent 0 or integers of from 1 to 6 excluding a case where both are 0 and a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink includes water, a pigment, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M1+ and M2+ each, independently represent monovalent cations, n and m each, independently represent 0 or integers of from 1 to 6 excluding a case where both are 0 and a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording includes water; a hydrosoluble solvent; a pigment; and a copolymer including a phosphonic acid group. The copolymer including a phosphonic acid group includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or an organic ammonium; and wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and each of n and m represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 30, provided n+m is from 2 to 30.

Abstract: A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and L represents a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—, the oxygen atom of which is bonded with the biphenyl; and n represents an integer of from 2 to 18.

Abstract: A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and each of L1 and L2 independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A light emitting device is configured to include a substrate and a luminous layer provided overlying the substrate, which includes a semiconductor nanocrystal to which a carbazole derivative is coordination-bonded or attached, the carbazole derivative having aromatic rings of a compound represented by the chemical structure 1, which is substituted by one to three substitution groups: The one to three substitution groups are represented by the chemical structure 2: -X-Y-Z??Chemical Structure 2. X represents a methylene group, a carbonyloxy group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom, Y represents a substituted or non-substituted alkylene group, and Z represents a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, and a thiol group.

Abstract: A copolymer contains a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 1 and a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 2, where R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation, L1 and L2 each, independently represent alkylene groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer includes a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula I; and a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula II, where R1 and R2 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation, and L represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording includes water; a hydrosoluble solvent, a pigment, and a copolymer including a salt of a diphosphonic acid group. The copolymer including a salt of a diphosphonic acid group includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, each of R1 and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M+ represents an alkali metal ion, an organic ammonium ion or a proton and Z1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The alkali metal ion or the organic ammonium ion and the proton may be mixed, and half or more of the M+ are alkali metal ions or the organic ammonium ions.

Abstract: A carbazole derivative represented by the following General Formula (1) where at least one aromatic ring has one to three substituents each represented by the following General Formula (2): in General Formula (1), Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group which may form a ring with a benzene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group, or a hydrogen atom, and Ar3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, —X—Y—Z??(2) in General Formula (2), X represents a methylene group, a carbonyloxy group, an oxycarbonyl group, a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, and Z represents a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group or a thiol group.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording includes water; a hydrosoluble solvent; a pigment; and a copolymer including a phosphonic acid group. The copolymer including a phosphonic acid group includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or an organic ammonium; and wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and each of n and m represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 30, provided n+m is from 2 to 30.

Abstract: An ink composition contains a pigment, a polymer having a structure unit having a diphosphonic acid group, a hydrosoluble solvent, and water, and satisfies the following A and B. A: The pigment is represented by the following chemical formula 1a or chemical formula 1b. As for Chemical formula 1a, the pigment satisfies the relation 1: Y/X?0.800, where X and Y represent peak intensities at a Bragg (2?±0.2°) angle in a CuK? X-ray diffraction spectrum, when the pigment is represented by Chemical formula 1b, the pigment satisfies the relation 2: Y?/X??0.200, where X? and Y? represent peak intensities at a Bragg (2?±0.2°) angle in a CuK? X-ray diffraction spectrum, B. the structure unit having a diphosphonic acid group is represented by Chemical formula 2.

Abstract: A discharge electrode 5 for generating ions and a high-voltage generating circuit unit 2 that supplies the discharge electrode 5 with a high voltage are housed in a housing 3. A discharge opening 12 for discharging the generated ions is formed in the housing 3. The housing 3 is covered by an exterior case 15. The exterior case 15 is connected to the high-voltage generating circuit unit 2 and functions as an induction electrode. A passage opening 33 leading to the discharge opening 12 is formed in the exterior case 15. An insulating sheet 36 covers the periphery of the passage opening 33 in the exterior case 15 facing a space into which the ions are discharged so that the discharged ions do not attach to the exterior case 15. Decrease in the amount of discharged ions can be prevented while using a peripheral component of the discharge electrode 5 as the induction electrode.

Abstract: A copolymer contains repeating units represented by the following chemical formulae 1 and 2: In the chemical formulae 1 and 2, R represents a hydrogen atom or a cation; X represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; Y represents a single bond, an oxycarbonyl group [(X)—O—CO—(Z)], a carbonyloxy group [(X)—CO—O—(Z)], an ether group (—O—), or an imido group [(X)—N—CO—(—CO—)(Z)]; and Z represents a biphenyl group or a naphthyl group).

Abstract: A discharge electrode 5 for generating ions and a high-voltage generating circuit unit 2 that supplies the discharge electrode 5 with a high voltage are housed in a housing 3. A discharge opening 12 for discharging the generated ions is formed in the housing 3. The housing 3 is covered by an exterior case 15. The exterior case 15 is connected to the high-voltage generating circuit unit 2 and functions as an induction electrode. A passage opening 33 leading to the discharge opening 12 is formed in the exterior case 15. An insulating sheet 36 covers the periphery of the passage opening 33 in the exterior case 15 facing a space into which the ions are discharged so that the discharged ions do not attach to the exterior case 15. Decrease in the amount of discharged ions can be prevented while using a peripheral component of the discharge electrode 5 as the induction electrode.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording includes water; a hydrosoluble solvent, a pigment, and a copolymer including a salt of a diphosphonic acid group. The copolymer including a salt of a diphosphonic acid group includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, each of R1 and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M+ represents an alkali metal ion, an organic ammonium ion or a proton and Z1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The alkali metal ion or the organic ammonium ion and the proton may be mixed, and half or more of the M+ are alkali metal ions or the organic ammonium ions.

Abstract: A copolymer contains repeating units represented by the following chemical formulae 1 and 2: In the chemical formulae 1 and 2, R represents a hydrogen atom or a cation; X represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; Y represents a single bond, an oxycarbonyl group [(X)—O—CO—(Z)], a carbonyloxy group [(X)—CO—O—(Z)], an ether group (—O—), or an imido group [(X)—N—CO—(—CO—)(Z)]; and Z represents a biphenyl group or a naphthyl group).

Abstract: A carbazole polymer containing a repeating unit represented by a chemical structure 1: where R represents an aliphatic or alicyclic bifunctional group, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic ring bifunctional group, and Ar1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic ring monofunctional group.