Abstract: A flyback power converter includes a power transformer, a first lossless voltage conversion circuit, a first low-dropout linear regulator and a secondary side power supply circuit. The first low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) generates a first operation voltage as power supply for being supplied to a sub-operation circuit. The secondary side power supply circuit includes a second lossless voltage conversion circuit and a second LDO. The second LDO generates a second operation voltage. The first operation voltage and the second operation voltage are shunted to a common node. When a first lossless conversion voltage is greater than a first threshold voltage, the second LDO is enabled to generate the second operation voltage to replace the first operation voltage as power supply supplied to the sub-operation circuit; wherein the second lossless conversion voltage is lower than the first lossless switching voltage.

Abstract: A device a includes a substrate, two source/drain (S/D) features over the substrate, and semiconductor layers suspended over the substrate and connecting the two S/D features. The device further includes a dielectric layer disposed between two adjacent layers of the semiconductor layers and an air gap between the dielectric layer and one of the S/D features, where a ratio between a length of the air gap to a thickness of the first dielectric layer is in a range of 0.1 to 1.0.

Abstract: A method includes depositing a first work-function layer and a second work-function layer in a first device region and a second device region, respectively, and depositing a first fluorine-blocking layer and a second fluorine-blocking layer in the first device region and the second device region, respectively. The first fluorine-blocking layer is over the first work-function layer, and the second fluorine-blocking layer is over the second work-function layer. The method further includes removing the second fluorine-blocking layer, and forming a first metal-filling layer over the first fluorine-blocking layer, and a second metal-filling layer over the second work-function layer.

Abstract: Semiconductor device structures having gate structures with tunable threshold voltages are provided. Various geometries of device structure can be varied to tune the threshold voltages. In some examples, distances from tops of fins to tops of gate structures can be varied to tune threshold voltages. In some examples, distances from outermost sidewalls of gate structures to respective nearest sidewalls of nearest fins to the respective outermost sidewalls (which respective gate structure overlies the nearest fin) can be varied to tune threshold voltages.

Abstract: A flash memory device is disposed on a semiconductor substrate. The flash memory device includes flash memory cells arranged in rows and columns. Respective flash memory cells include respective access transistors and respective floating gate transistors. The respective access transistors have respective access gates, and the respective floating gate transistors have respective control gates arranged over respective floating gates. First and second wordlines extend substantially in parallel with one another and correspond to first and second rows which neighbor one another. The first wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the first row. The second wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the second row. Nearest edges of the first and second wordlines include at least one wing which extends laterally outward from a sidewall of one of the first and second wordlines towards a sidewall the other of the first and second wordlines.

Abstract: A light guide structure includes a light input portion, a light output portion, a plurality of light guide pillars and at least one light-redirecting portion. The light input portion and the light output portion are respectively located on two of the light guide pillars. The light-redirecting portion is connected between adjacent two of the light guide pillars. The roughness, the transmittance or both of them of the light-redirecting portion are different from that of the light guide pillars.

Abstract: A flash memory device is disposed on a semiconductor substrate. The flash memory device includes flash memory cells arranged in rows and columns. Respective flash memory cells include respective access transistors and respective floating gate transistors. The respective access transistors have respective access gates, and the respective floating gate transistors have respective control gates arranged over respective floating gates. First and second wordlines extend substantially in parallel with one another and correspond to first and second rows which neighbor one another. The first wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the first row. The second wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the second row. Nearest edges of the first and second wordlines include at least one wing which extends laterally outward from a sidewall of one of the first and second wordlines towards a sidewall the other of the first and second wordlines.

Abstract: A flash memory device is disposed on a semiconductor substrate. The flash memory device includes flash memory cells arranged in rows and columns. Respective flash memory cells include respective access transistors and respective floating gate transistors. The respective access transistors have respective access gates, and the respective floating gate transistors have respective control gates arranged over respective floating gates. First and second wordlines extend substantially in parallel with one another and correspond to first and second rows which neighbor one another. The first wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the first row. The second wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the second row. Nearest edges of the first and second wordlines include at least one wing which extends laterally outward from a sidewall of one of the first and second wordlines towards a sidewall the other of the first and second wordlines.

Abstract: A flash memory device is disposed on a semiconductor substrate. The flash memory device includes flash memory cells arranged in rows and columns. Respective flash memory cells include respective access transistors and respective floating gate transistors. The respective access transistors have respective access gates, and the respective floating gate transistors have respective control gates arranged over respective floating gates. First and second wordlines extend substantially in parallel with one another and correspond to first and second rows which neighbor one another. The first wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the first row. The second wordline is coupled to access gates of access transistors along the second row. Nearest edges of the first and second wordlines include at least one wing which extends laterally outward from a sidewall of one of the first and second wordlines towards a sidewall the other of the first and second wordlines.

Abstract: A signal transmitting connector includes a metal base and a circuit board. The metal base includes a bottom plate, a first and a second lateral plate. The bottom plate includes a first surface, an opposite second surface, and an edge surface between the first and second surface. The first and the second lateral plate are connected to the first surface. An extending plane of the edge surface is intersected by the first and the second lateral plate. The bottom plate, the first and the second lateral plate form a depression. The circuit board, disposed in the depression, includes a third surface where a first electrically connecting portion is disposed, and an opposite fourth surface. A first distance, between a first lateral side edge of the edge surface away from the second surface and the second surface, is less than a second distance between the third and the second surface.

Abstract: A signal transmitting connector includes a metal base and a circuit board. The metal base includes a bottom plate, a first and a second lateral plate. The bottom plate includes a first surface, an opposite second surface, and an edge surface between the first and second surface. The first and the second lateral plate are connected to the first surface. An extending plane of the edge surface is intersected by the first and the second lateral plate. The bottom plate, the first and the second lateral plate form a depression. The circuit board, disposed in the depression, includes a third surface where a first electrically connecting portion is disposed, and an opposite fourth surface. A first distance, between a first lateral side edge of the edge surface away from the second surface and the second surface, is less than a second distance between the third and the second surface.

Abstract: A method for providing load balance to a wireless network system is disclosed, wherein a network management server (NMS) is used to group a plurality of access points into a plurality of groups. Each of the access points is pre-set with a plurality of water level values corresponding to an acceptable load thereof, and each of the water level values is pre-set with a corresponding trap up value. Only when the real-time load of one of the access points is up to the trap up value thereof, the access point actively sends a signal of a corresponding load status thereof to the NMS. Meanwhile, the NMS checks the water level values of the other access points belonged to the same group of the access point.

Abstract: A method for preventing unauthorized connection in a network system mainly includes adding an authentication key in the LLDP (link layer discovery protocol) transmitted in accordance with the 802.1ab communication protocol so as to proceed with security mechanism under the structure of 802.1ab communication protocol. The method for preventing unauthorized connection includes receiving a LLDP packet satisfying the 802.1ab communication protocol transmitted from a second network device by a first network device in a network system; analyzing the LLDP packet and checking whether the LLDP packet contains a legitimate authentication key; and if the authentication key does not exist or is illegitimate, then block all packets transmitted from the second network device so as to prevent the unauthorized second network device from using the network transmission service provided by the first network device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for intelligent automatic reconfiguration of a network system basically implements an automatic reconfiguration apparatus to acquire the configuration of every network device and generates a topology of the network devices. Afterward, the automatic reconfiguration apparatus can detect the status of the network devices. When some network device is replaced by a new network device due to a breakdown or other factors, the automatic reconfiguration apparatus can detect the changed status and check the hardware version as well as the corresponding location in the topology of the former network device. If the hardware version of the new network device is identical to the hardware version of the corresponding former network device in the topology, the disclosed apparatus can automatically load the stored prime configuration into the new network device for performing automatic configuration to the network device.

Abstract: A method for automatically allocating channels of a wireless network system comprises the steps of: actuating one of access points (APs) for collecting channel status information, such as channel numerals and Received Signal Strength Incident (RSSI), of the other of the access points near by that access point; calculating an accumulated RSSI value of each of the access points according to the collected channel numerals and the RSSI value via a Network Management Server (NMS); calculating the accumulated RSSI value of each of the access points by weighting to obtain a weighted RSSI value thereof; and switching an operation channel of the actuated access point into the better channel having a relatively lower weighted RSSI value for improving the overall efficiency of the wireless network system.

Abstract: A method for preventing unauthorized connection in a network system mainly includes adding an authentication key in the LLDP (link layer discovery protocol) transmitted in accordance with the 802.1ab communication protocol so as to proceed with security mechanism under the structure of 802.1ab communication protocol. The method for preventing unauthorized connection includes receiving a LLDP packet satisfying the 802.1ab communication protocol transmitted from a second network device by a first network device in a network system; analyzing the LLDP packet and checking whether the LLDP packet contains a legitimate authentication key; and if the authentication key does not exist or is illegitimate, then block all packets transmitted from the second network device so as to prevent the unauthorized second network device from using the network transmission service provided by the first network device.

Abstract: A method for automatically allocating channels of a wireless network system comprises the steps of: actuating one of access points (APs) for collecting channel status information, such as channel numerals and Received Signal Strength Incident (RSSI), of the other of the access points near by that access point; calculating an accumulated RSSI value of each of the access points according to the collected channel numerals and the RSSI value via a Network Management Server (NMS); calculating the accumulated RSSI value of each of the access points by weighting to obtain a weighted RSSI value thereof; and switching an operation channel of the actuated access point into the better channel having a relatively lower weighted RSSI value for improving the overall efficiency of the wireless network system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for intelligent automatic reconfiguration of a network system basically implements an automatic reconfiguration apparatus to acquire the configuration of every network device and generates a topology of the network devices. Afterward, the automatic reconfiguration apparatus can detect the status of the network devices. When some network device is replaced by a new network device due to a breakdown or other factors, the automatic reconfiguration apparatus can detect the changed status and check the hardware version as well as the corresponding location in the topology of the former network device. If the e hardware version of the new network device is identical to the hardware version of the corresponding former network device in the topology, the disclosed apparatus can automatically load the stored prime configuration into the new network device for performing automatic configuration to the network device.

Abstract: A method for providing load balance to a wireless network system is disclosed, wherein a network management server (NMS) is used to group a plurality of access points into a plurality of groups. Each of the access points is pre-set with a plurality of water level values corresponding to an acceptable load thereof, and each of the water level values is pre-set with a corresponding trap up value. Only when the real-time load of one of the access points is up to the trap up value thereof, the access point actively sends a signal of a corresponding load status thereof to the NMS. Meanwhile, the NMS checks the water level values of the other access points belonged to the same group of the access point.