Abstract: A semiconductor device structure and methods of forming the same are described. The structure includes a first gate dielectric layer disposed over a substrate, the first gate dielectric layer includes an inner surface and an outer surface opposite the inner surface, and the first gate dielectric layer includes a fluorine concentration that decreases from the inner surface towards the outer surface. The structure further includes a second gate dielectric layer disposed on the first gate dielectric layer, the first and second gate dielectric layers have a combined thickness, and a thickness of the first gate dielectric layer ranges from about 30 percent to about 80 percent of the combined thickness. The structure further includes a gate electrode layer disposed over the second gate dielectric layer and a spacer disposed adjacent the first gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes nanostructures extending in a first direction above a substrate and spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a gate dielectric layer wrapping around each of the nanostructures, a first p-type work function metal layer between the adjacent nanostructures, a second p-type work function metal layer in contact with opposite sidewalls of the first p-type work function metal layer and opposite sidewalls of the gate dielectric layer, and an n-type work function metal layer covering the second p-type work function metal layer. The second p-type work function metal layer comprises a main layer and a cap layer over the main layer, wherein the cap layer has a material different from a material of the main layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure and methods of forming the same are described. The structure includes a gate dielectric layer disposed over a substrate, a gate electrode layer disposed over the gate dielectric layer, and a first gate spacer disposed adjacent the gate dielectric layer, wherein the first gate spacer comprises an inner surface facing the gate dielectric layer and an outer surface opposite the inner surface, and the first gate spacer includes an oxygen concentration that decreases from the inner surface towards the outer surface of the first gate spacer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a channel portion disposed on and spaced apart from a substrate, a gate dielectric which includes an upper dielectric region disposed on the channel portion, a first inner gate structure disposed between the substrate and the upper dielectric region, and an outer gate structure including an outer work-function portion and a cap portion. The outer work-function portion covers the upper dielectric region and the first inner gate structure. The cap portion covers the outer work-function portion in a way that the cap portion is separated from the first inner gate structure. The first inner gate structure includes a first work-function material and a conductive material that is different from the first work-function material. The outer work-function portion includes a second work-function material that is different from the conductive material.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a transistor having a plurality of stacked channels each extending between the source/drain regions of the transistor. The transistor also includes a hard mask nanostructure above the highest channel and extending between the source/drain regions of the transistor. A gate dielectric and gate metals wrap around the channels and the hard mask nanostructure.

Abstract: A torque wrench includes a body and a measuring device. The body has a driving portion disposed at one end thereof. The measuring device is coupled to the body and has a control panel, which is provided with a setting button and a display unit. The setting button is configured to be pressed to allow the measuring device to set a first compensation coefficient that is between 0.85 and 1.15. The measuring device is capable of measuring the torque of the driving portion to obtain a measured torque value and to display a compensated torque value on the display unit. The compensated torque value is the product of the measured torque value and the first compensation coefficient.

Abstract: A torque wrench capable of detecting the accuracy of tripping torque includes a shaft tube, a drive rod, a tripping mechanism arranged in the shaft tube and connected to the drive rod, an adjustment mechanism arranged in the shaft tube, and a measuring device usable for measuring a torque value that applies to the drive rod connected to the shaft tube. The measuring device is usable for setting a target torque value. The target torque value is based on determining an allowable error range. The allowable error range is in a range of 0.85 times more and 1.15 times less than the target torque value. In a situation where a force is applied to the torque wrench until the tripping mechanism trips, the measuring device obtains a tripping torque value and is usable for detecting whether the tripping torque value is within the allowable error range.

Abstract: A torque wrench includes a shank and a driving rod. The shank is provided with only one tripping seat therein. One end of the tripping seat is provided with a positioning recess and a restoring surface surrounding the positioning recess. The driving rod is pivotally inserted into the shank and movable between a ready position and a tripping position. One end of the driving rod is provided with an abutting portion having a spherical surface. The abutting portion abuts against the positioning recess when the driving rod is in the ready position. The abutting portion is separated from the positioning recess and abuts against the restoring surface when the driving rod is in the tripping position.

Abstract: A torque sensing device comprises a torque sensor and a transmission mechanism. The torque sensor includes an outer tube and a first strain gauge. The outer tube has a main tube part and a first deformable part. The main tube part is connected to and surrounds a crankshaft of the transmission mechanism. The first deformable part is connected to the main tube part. The first deformable part extends circumferentially around the crankshaft between a first and a second side. The first deformable part has a first included angle defined between a first line extending through a center of the crankshaft and a first side and a second line extending through the center of the crankshaft and a second side. The first included angle is less than 180 degrees. The first strain gauge is attached to the first deformable part.

Abstract: A torque wrench includes a body and a measuring device. The body includes a head portion and a rod portion. An end of the rod portion is connected with the head portion. The measuring device includes a strain gauge seat and a strain gauge. The strain gauge seat is arranged in the rod portion and is provided with a first recess and a deformation portion adjacent to the first recess. The strain gauge is connected to the deformation portion, thereby obtaining a precise torque value.

Abstract: A torque wrench includes a shank and a driving rod. The shank is provided with only one tripping seat therein. One end of the tripping seat is provided with a positioning recess and a restoring surface surrounding the positioning recess. The driving rod is pivotally inserted into the shank and movable between a ready position and a tripping position. One end of the driving rod is provided with an abutting portion having a spherical surface. The abutting portion abuts against the positioning recess when the driving rod is in the ready position. The abutting portion is separated from the positioning recess and abuts against the restoring surface when the driving rod is in the tripping position.

Abstract: A handle extends about a first axis and includes a bifurcated portion. The bifurcated portion includes a concave face and two screw holes along a second axis. A toothed ring extends about a third axis and includes a convex face in compliance with the concave face and two bores along a fourth axis. The toothed ring is moved into a space in the concave face while keeping the third axis parallel to the second axis. The third axis is overlapped with the second axis and a center of the toothed ring is near or coincides with a middle point of a segment of the second axis in the bifurcated portion. The toothed ring is rotated about the first axis so that the fourth axis is overlapped with the second axis and the bores are aligned with the screw holes. Two screws are inserted in the screw holes and the bores.

Abstract: A handle extends about a first axis and includes a bifurcated portion. The bifurcated portion includes a concave face and two screw holes along a second axis. A toothed ring extends about a third axis and includes a convex face in compliance with the concave face and two bores along a fourth axis. The toothed ring is moved into a space in the concave face while keeping the third axis parallel to the second axis. The third axis is overlapped with the second axis and a center of the toothed ring is near or coincides with a middle point of a segment of the second axis in the bifurcated portion. The toothed ring is rotated about the first axis so that the fourth axis is overlapped with the second axis and the bores are aligned with the screw holes. Two screws are inserted in the screw holes and the bores.

Abstract: An extensive shaft assembly includes a casing, an extensive shaft, a sensor, a warning apparatus, and a connecting apparatus. The extensive shaft extends throughout the casing. The sensor is connected to the extensive shaft. The warning apparatus includes an LED module and a light-guiding ring. The light-guiding ring includes a slit. The LED module is electrically connected to the sensor and located in the slit of the LED module. The connecting apparatus connects the light-guiding ring to the casing so that an external annular portion of the light-guiding ring is visible through a gap between the casing and the connecting apparatus.

Abstract: A torque wrench includes a body and a measuring device. The body includes a head portion and a rod portion. An end of the rod portion is connected with the head portion. The measuring device includes a strain gauge seat and a strain gauge. The strain gauge seat is arranged in the rod portion and is provided with a first recess and a deformation portion adjacent to the first recess. The strain gauge is connected to the deformation portion, thereby obtaining a precise torque value.

Abstract: An extensive shaft assembly includes a casing, an extensive shaft, a sensor, a warning apparatus, and a connecting apparatus. The extensive shaft extends throughout the casing. The sensor is connected to the extensive shaft. The warning apparatus includes an LED module and a light-guiding ring. The light-guiding ring includes a slit. The LED module is electrically connected to the sensor and located in the slit of the LED module. The connecting apparatus connects the light-guiding ring to the casing so that an external annular portion of the light-guiding ring is visible through a gap between the casing and the connecting apparatus.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a body, a ratchet wheel rotatably and movably mounted in the body, and a pawl slideably received in the body and engaged with the ratchet wheel. The body is extended along a first longitudinal axis, and the ratchet wheel is extended along a second longitudinal axis. The ratchet wrench is operable between a first position and a second position. When the ratchet wrench is in the first position, the first and second longitudinal axes are collinear. When the ratchet wrench is operated to withstand a torque load and to move from the first position to a second position, the first and second longitudinal axes are parallel to each other.