Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a single-layered dielectric layer, a conductive line, a conductive via and a conductive pad. The conductive line and the conductive via are disposed in the single-layered dielectric layer. The conductive pad is extended into the single-layered dielectric layer to electrically connected to the conductive line.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A multiple output universal serial bus travel adaptor includes: at least one AC-DC converter for converting an AC power to a first DC power; at least one DC-DC converter for providing a second DC power according to the first DC power; plural switches which are coupled to the AC-DC converter and/or the DC-DC converter to provide the first DC power or the second DC power to corresponding connectors according to operation signals; and a protocol controller configured to generate the operation signals according to at least one of the following parameters: a) the types of the connectors; b) whether there is a mobile device connected with the connectors; c) a first command from the mobile device; d) the power consumed by the mobile devices; e) the currents flowing through the connectors; and f) the voltages at the connectors.

Abstract: A multiple output universal serial bus travel adaptor includes: at least one AC-DC converter for converting an AC power to a first DC power; at least one DC-DC converter for providing a second DC power according to the first DC power; plural switches which are coupled to the AC-DC converter and/or the DC-DC converter to provide the first DC power or the second DC power to corresponding connectors according to operation signals; and a protocol controller configured to generate the operation signals according to at least one of the following parameters: a) the types of the connectors; b) whether there is a mobile device connected with the connectors; c) a first command from the mobile device; d) the power consumed by the mobile devices; e) the currents flowing through the connectors; and f) the voltages at the connectors.

Abstract: An abnormal connection detection method is used between a power supplier and a power receiver. The power supplier and the power receiver are connected through a cable. The cable includes positive and negative power transmission lines. The abnormal connection detection method includes: providing an output voltage from the power supplier, wherein the output voltage is lower than a predetermined voltage threshold; detecting, according to the output voltage, whether an output current generated by the power supplier is higher than a predetermined current threshold; and when the output current is higher than the predetermined current threshold, determining that an abnormal connection occurs between the power supplier and the power receiver.

Abstract: An abnormal connection detection method is used between a power supplier and a power receiver. The power supplier and the power receiver are connected through a cable. The cable includes positive and negative power transmission lines. The abnormal connection detection method includes: providing an output voltage from the power supplier, wherein the output voltage is lower than a predetermined voltage threshold; detecting, according to the output voltage, whether an output current generated by the power supplier is higher than a predetermined current threshold; and when the output current is higher than the predetermined current threshold, determining that an abnormal connection occurs between the power supplier and the power receiver.

Abstract: A method for confirming correctness of a signal includes: providing a current to flow through a time-dependent impedance circuit, wherein the time-dependent impedance circuit provides at least two resistances at two different time points, the current flowing through the time-dependent impedance circuit to generate a first voltage at a first time point, and the current flowing through the time-dependent impedance circuit to generate a second voltage at a second time point, the first voltage and the second voltage being different from each other. When a predetermined relationship exists between the first voltage and the second voltage, it is confirmed that a signal provided from a node coupled to the time-dependent impedance circuit is correct.

Abstract: A sensor-less control system, a method and an apparatus of sensor-less field oriented control for permanent magnet motors are provided. The sensor-less control system includes a Clarke transform module, a Park transform module and an angle estimation module. The Clarke transform module generates orthogonal current signals in accordance with motor phase currents. The Park transform module generates a current signal in response to the orthogonal current signals and an angle signal. The angle estimation module generates the angle signal in response to the current signal. The angle signal is related to a commutation angle of the permanent magnet motor. The current signal is controlled approximate to zero. The angle signal associated with an angle-shift signal is configured to generate three phase motor voltages.

Abstract: A back electromotive force (EMF) detector for a motor is disclosed. The back EMF detector includes an upper switch, a lower switch, a current sensing resistor and a first to third resistance providers. The upper and lower switches are controlled by a first and a second control signal respectively. The current sensing resistor coupled between the lower switch and a reference ground voltage. A first terminal of the first resistance provider coupled to the upper switch, and a back EMF detection result is generated at a second terminal of the first resistance provider. The second resistance provider coupled between the reference ground voltage and the first resistance provider. The third resistance provider is coupled between the coupled terminal of the first and second resistance provider and the lower switch. Wherein, the first to the third resistance providers are determined by at least one characteristic parameter of the motor.

Abstract: A back electromotive force (EMF) detector for a motor is disclosed. The back EMF detector includes an upper switch, a lower switch, a current sensing resistor and a first to third resistance providers. The upper and lower switches are controlled by a first and a second control signal respectively. The current sensing resistor coupled between the lower switch and a reference ground voltage. A first terminal of the first resistance provider coupled to the upper switch, and a back EMF detection result is generated at a second terminal of the first resistance provider. The second resistance provider coupled between the reference ground voltage and the first resistance provider. The third resistance provider is coupled between the coupled terminal of the first and second resistance provider and the lower switch. Wherein, the first to the third resistance providers are determined by at least one characteristic parameter of the motor.

Abstract: A sensor fastening method and a sensor fastening frame for use therewith are provided. The sensor fastening frame is coupled to a motor stator of a brushless motor having distributed coils and extends over the distributed coils to allow the sensor fastening frame to rotate about the axle of a motor rotor, without interference with the distributed coils. At least a sensor is fastened in position to the sensor fastening frame proximate to one end of the axle of the motor stator for positioning the sensor to detect magnetic field variations of the motor rotor.

Abstract: An end cover adapted to engage with an end surface of a spindle of a motor rotor is proposed for securely coupling to the spindle with a plurality of permanent magnets disposed around the peripheral wall of the spindle. The end cover has a first surface facing an end surface of the spindle and an second surface opposing to the first surface, which is formed with a plurality of inserting slots indentedly disposed around the rim thereof and corresponding to the permanent magnets for coupling the ends of the permanent magnets, thereby securely fastening each of the permanent magnets to the spindle of the motor rotor. Further, the present invention further provides a motor rotor having the end covers described above.

Abstract: A speed-control circuit for a BLDC motor is provided. The speed-control circuit includes a pulse generator, a current source circuit, a filter circuit, an error amplification circuit and a PWM circuit. The pulse generator detects a speed signal of the BLDC motor to generate a pulse signal. The filter circuit is coupled to the current source circuit to generate an average signal. The error amplification circuit receives the average signal and a speed-reference signal for generating a speed-control signal. The PWM circuit generates a switching signal to drive the BLDC motor in response to the speed-control signal. A pulse width of the switching signal is determined by the speed-control signal.

Abstract: A motor rotor includes an annular body and a plurality of magnetic bodies installed on an inner lateral surface of the annular body in an irregular manner, to prevent a rotating motor from generating a cogging effect, disperse the frequency of the cogging torque, and reduce the amplitude. Accordingly, noises generated while the motor is operating are reduced, the periodicity of a cogging torque is changed, and cogging torque is reduced.

Abstract: A dual-switch flyback power converter includes a control circuit to generate a switching signal. A high-side driving circuit includes a pulse generation circuit. The pulse generation circuit generates a pulse-on signal and a pulse-off signal to control two transistors in response to the switching signal. The two transistors further respectively provide a level-shift-on signal and a level-shift-off signal to a comparison circuit to enable/disable a high-side driving signal. Without using a charge pump circuit to power the high-side driving circuit, a floating winding of a transformer is utilized to provide a floating voltage to power the high-side driving circuit, which reduces the cost of the dual-switch flyback power converter and ensures a sufficient high-side driving capability of the high-side driving circuit.

Abstract: A power management interface is provided and includes a switch, a transmitting circuit, and a receiving circuit. The switch is coupled to an AC power line for controlling a power line signal to a load. The transmitting circuit generates a switching signal to control the switch and achieve a phase modulation to the power line signal in response to a transmitting-data. The receiving circuit is coupled to receive the power line signal for detecting a phase of the power line signal and generating a receiving-data to control power of the load. The receiving-data is generated in accordance with the phase detection of the power line signal and correlated to the transmitting-data.

Abstract: A motor rotor includes an annular body and a magnetic body installed on an inner lateral surface of the annular body. The magnetic body has a first curved surface and a second curved surface opposing the first curved surface. The magnetic body props against the inner lateral surface of the annular body via the first curved surface. The first curved surface has a first curvature less than a second curvature of the second curved surface. Because the magnetic body of the motor rotor has an uneven thickness, and an air gap interval formed between the motor rotor and the stator also has an uneven width, forces applied to a region where the magnetic forces change directions are smooth. Therefore, the vibration of the whole motor is reduced, and the noises are suppressed effectively.

Abstract: A BLDC (brushless direct current) motor system of the present invention includes a control circuit, a sequencer, a driving circuit, and a BLDC motor. The control circuit determines the maximum torque and the maximum speed of the BLDC motor. The control circuit includes an over-current detection circuit to generate a reset signal in response to a switching current of the BLDC motor. The reset signal is generated when the switching current of the BLDC motor exceeds a threshold. A pulse width of the PWM signal is correlated to the level of a speed-control signal and the level of the torque-control signal. The pulse width of the PWM signal is also controlled by the reset signal generated by the over-current detection circuit.

Abstract: A motor rotor includes an annular body and a plurality of magnetic bodies installed on an inner lateral surface of the annular body in an irregular manner, to prevent a rotating motor from generating a cogging effect, disperse the frequency of the cogging torque, and reduce the amplitude. Accordingly, noises generated while the motor is operating are reduced, the periodicity of a cogging torque is changed, and cogging torque is reduced.

Abstract: A BLDC (brushless direct current) motor system of the present invention includes a control circuit, a sequencer, a driving circuit, and a BLDC motor. The control circuit comprises a speed-feedback loop and a torque-feedback loop to control the maximum speed and the maximum torque of the BLDC motor in parallel configuration. The speed-feedback loop generates a speed-control signal. The torque-feedback loop generates a torque-control signal. A PWM circuit receives the speed-control signal and the torque-control signal to generate a PWM signal. A pulse width of the PWM signal is correlated to the level of the speed-control signal and/or the level of the torque-control signal.