Abstract: A photoconductive layer with electrical property adjustable via control of intensity or location of illumination by a light source is provided. The photoconductive layer has at least one charge generation material and at least one binder for distributing the charge generation material within the body of the layer. The localized change of electrical property in the photoconductive layer arises on and beneath the surface area of the layer illuminated by the light source via actuated bulk change in electrical charge contributed by the charge generation material in the area.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element includes a first subelement and a second subelement. The first subelement includes three main ingredients: a charge generation material made of organic or organic metal pigment or dye, an organic hole transport material, and a binder. A second subelement is superimposed on the first subelement and includes three main ingredients: a charge generation material made of organic or organic metal pigment or dye, an organic electron transport material, and a binder.