Abstract: A field effect transistor includes a substrate having a transistor forming region thereon; an insulating layer on the substrate; a first graphene layer on the insulating layer within the transistor forming region; an etch stop layer on the first graphene layer within the transistor forming region; a first inter-layer dielectric layer on the etch stop layer; a gate trench recessed into the first inter-layer dielectric layer and the etch stop layer within the transistor forming region; a second graphene layer on interior surface of the gate trench; a gate dielectric layer on the second graphene layer and on the first inter-layer dielectric layer; and a gate electrode on the gate dielectric layer within the gate trench.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a differential-line, a first metal and a second metal. The differential-line includes a first line and a second line. The first metal and second metal are coupled to the first line and second line respectively. The first metal and second metal have different shapes and/or different sizes. The first metal and second metal form symmetric or asymmetric dipole. The first metal and second metal can be disposed on the same plane or different planes, can be electrically insulated and can have a first slot and a second slot respectively. The antenna device can further include a base coupled to the first line and second line. The base can be a daughter board having a front-end module or not. The IC package in daughter board can have different sizes. The daughter board can be offset by different distances and can be coupled to a mother board.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a semiconductor substrate; fin active regions protruded above the semiconductor substrate; and a gate stack disposed on the fin active regions; wherein the gate stack includes a high-k dielectric material layer, and various metal layers disposed on the high-k dielectric material layer. The gate stack has an uneven profile in a sectional view with a first dimension D1 at a top surface, a second dimension D2 at a bottom surface, and a third dimension D3 at a location between the top surface and the bottom surface, and wherein each of D1 and D2 is greater than D3.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device is described. A substrate is provided. A plurality of fins is formed extending from the substrate, the fins including a first group of active fins arranged in an active region, and including an inactive fin having at least a portion in an inactive region, the active fins separated by first trench regions between adjacent of the active regions, the inactive fin separated from its closest active fin by a second trench region, the second trench region having a greater width than that of a trench region of the first trench regions. A dummy fin is formed on the isolation dielectric in the second trench region, the dummy fin disposed between the first group of active fins and the inactive fin. A dummy gate is formed over the fins. The gate isolation structure is disposed between the dummy fin and the inactive fin and separates regions of the dummy gate.

Abstract: Manufacturing method of semiconductor package includes following steps. Bottom package is provided. The bottom package includes a die and a redistribution structure electrically connected to die. A first top package and a second top package are disposed on a surface of the redistribution structure further away from the die. An underfill is formed into the space between the first and second top packages and between the first and second top packages and the bottom package. The underfill covers at least a side surface of the first top package and a side surface of the second top package. A hole is opened in the underfill within an area overlapping with the die between the side surface of the first top package and the side surface of the second top package. A thermally conductive block is formed in the hole by filling the hole with a thermally conductive material.

Abstract: A package structure and a method for forming the same are provided. The package structure includes a first package structure and a second package structure. The first package structure includes a first device formed over a first substrate. The first device includes a first conductive plug connected to a through substrate via (TSV) structure formed in the first substrate. A buffer layer surrounds the first substrate. A first bonding layer is formed over the first substrate and the buffer layer. The second package structure includes a second device formed over a second substrate. A second bonding layer is formed over the second device. A hybrid bonding structure is between the first package structure and the second package structure by bonding the first bonding layer to the second bonding layer.

Abstract: An antenna module includes two antenna units, two isolation members, and a grounding member. Each antenna unit consists of two feeding ends, two first radiators, and two second radiators. The isolating members are disposed between the first and second portions of each antenna unit. The grounding member is disposed beside the two antenna units and the two isolation members. A first slot is formed among each first radiator, the second radiator, and the grounding member. The two second radiators are connected to the third radiator. A third slot is formed between the second radiator and the second portion. The two antenna units are symmetric to the fourth slot in a mirrored manner, and the two first portions have widths gradually changing along an extending direction of the fourth position.

Abstract: A novel combustion chamber valve and fuel system for driven fastener hand tool is disclosed having a fuel pump disposed parallel to the combustion and piston chambers. Pressure applied a safety at the nose of the tool is activates the fuel pump in a common direction. Pressure applied on a trigger activates the valve system prior to firing in a common direction. The valve system employs a central shaft coupling three valves, an inlet valve using a novel wedged circumferential edge seal, a control valve using a novel edge circumferential seal with a ventilated support, and a charging exhaust valve using a face seal.

Abstract: An exhaust valve comprising an elastomeric flap portion (e.g. of silicone) covering one or more exhaust ports in a normally closed position for a combustion driven fastener hand tool is disclosed. The elastomeric flap portion is much shorter than a comparable steel reed valve, allowing it to be disposed in small spaces. A single flat piece of elastomeric material can be configured held fixed to a housing surface along a line between one or more pairs of ports such that a flap portion of the material extends to each side of the line and covers one of the pairs of ports. The flat piece can be conveniently held in position against the housing surface by a rib or standoff on the interior surface of an exterior housing.

Abstract: An accessory attachment for a driven fastener hand tool is disclosed comprising a mounting block having an attachment channel and an indexing guide feature. A plate for covering a fastener driving channel of the fastener tool has a nose end with chamfered edges on opposing sides towards the fastener driving channel and the attachment channel has opposing lips for seating against the chamfered edges of the nose end of the plate. One or more bolts through the mounting block at a bottom of the attachment channel press the nose end of the plate causing the opposing lips of the mounting block to press against the chamfered edges thereby securing the mounting block to the nose end of the plate. Alternately or additionally, the mounting block can be used to support a range of accessories including, a non-marring pad, a light, such as an LED, a level, and/or an edge guide.

Abstract: A valve support for use with a valve in a combustion driven fastener hand tool, the valve being formed by a flexible disc affixed to a central shaft having a circumferential edge resting against an anular valve seat affixed to a wall of a combustion chamber with the valve in a closed position is disclosed. The valve support comprises a plate affixed to the central shaft and against the flexible disc, the plate having one or more ports therethrough. In a closed position, the flexible disc has a circumferential edge resting against an anular valve seat affixed to a wall of a combustion chamber but also a central portion of the flexible disc is proximate or contacting a central portion of the support plate on the same side of the disc as the annular valve seat. Various port configuration are possible.

Abstract: A combustion driven fastener hand tool is disclosed having a fuel system subassembly including a fuel nozzle and a metering valve, disposed in a common bore of the combustion driven fastener apparatus. The metering valve comprises a hollow cylindrical housing having a cap at each end and a central dual valve stem therebetween. Movement of the dual central valve stem closes an inlet valve at one end and opens an outlet valve at an opposite end in a coordinated manner to release a metered amount of fuel through the outlet valve while preventing additional fuel through the inlet valve. The combustion driven fastener hand tool includes numerous other features affording improvements over the prior art.

Abstract: A novel combustion chamber valve and fuel system for driven fastener hand tool is disclosed having a fuel pump disposed parallel to the combustion and piston chambers. Pressure applied a safety at the nose of the tool is activates the fuel pump in a common direction. Pressure applied on a trigger activates the valve system prior to firing in a common direction. The valve system employs a central shaft coupling three valves, an inlet valve using a novel wedged circumferential edge seal, a control valve using a novel edge circumferential seal with a ventilated support, and a charging exaust valve using a face seal.

Abstract: A combustion driven fastener hand tool is disclosed having a fuel system subassembly including a fuel nozzle and a metering valve, disposed in a common bore of the combustion driven fastener apparatus. The metering valve comprises a hollow cylindrical housing having a cap at each end and a central dual valve stem therebetween. Movement of the dual central valve stem closes an inlet valve at one end and opens an outlet valve at an opposite end in a coordinated manner to release a metered amount of fuel through the outlet valve while preventing additional fuel through the inlet valve. The combustion driven fastener hand tool includes numerous other features affording improvements over the prior art.

Abstract: A combustion driven fastener hand tool is disclosed having an extruded front body component including two to three parallel bores. A first bore forms a cylinder for the piston which drives the fastener. A second bore forms a primary combustion chamber in which a fuel and air mixture is ignited and directed into the adjacent piston cylinder. A third bore (or alternately an attached component) forms a pathway for the fuel and air mixture to be directed into the primary combustion chamber. The combustion driven fastener hand tool includes numerous other features affording improvements over the prior art.

Abstract: An accessory attachment for a driven fastener hand tool is disclosed comprising a mounting block having an attachment channel and an indexing guide feature. A plate for covering a fastener driving channel of the fastener tool has a nose end with chamfered edges on opposing sides towards the fastener driving channel and the attachment channel has opposing lips for seating against the chamfered edges of the nose end of the plate. One or more bolts through the mounting block at a bottom of the attachment channel press the nose end of the plate causing the opposing lips of the mounting block to press against the chamfered edges thereby securing the mounting block to the nose end of the plate. Alternately or additionally, the mounting block can be used to support a range of accessories including, a non-marring pad, a light, such as an LED, a level, and/or an edge guide.

Abstract: A combustion driven fastener hand tool is disclosed having a piston driven by combustion within a chamber, the piston affixed to a driver for forcing a fastener. The piston forms a retention chamber having a lower internal pressure (“vacuum”) than that of the surrounding combustion chamber when the piston is disposed in the starting position for operation of the device. The lower internal pressure of the retention chamber (generated from a previous combustion cycle) momentarily holds the piston in place such that combustion behind the piston must first increase sufficiently to overcome holding force of the retention chamber before the piston moves. Requiring build up of combustion chamber pressure before piston motion greatly improves efficiency and power of the device. Use of the vacuum retention chamber is readily tunable with proper sizing of the chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust valve comprising an elastomeric flap portion (e.g. of silicone) covering one or more exhaust ports in a normally closed position for a combustion driven fastener hand tool is disclosed. The elastomeric flap portion is much shorter than a comparable steel reed valve, allowing it to be disposed in small spaces. A single flat piece of elastomeric material can be configured held fixed to a housing surface along a line between one or more pairs of ports such that a flap portion of the material extends to each side of the line and covers one of the pairs of ports. The flat piece can be conveniently held in position against the housing surface by a rib or standoff on the interior surface of an exterior housing.

Abstract: A valve support for use with a valve in a combustion driven fastener hand tool, the valve being formed by a flexible disc affixed to a central shaft having a circumferential edge resting against an anular valve seat affixed to a wall of a combustion chamber with the valve in a closed position is disclosed. The valve support comprises a plate affixed to the central shaft and against the flexible disc, the plate having one or more ports therethrough. In a closed position, the flexible disc has a circumferential edge resting against an anular valve seat affixed to a wall of a combustion chamber but also a central portion of the flexible disc is proximate or contacting a central portion of the support plate on the same side of the disc as the annular valve seat. Various port configuration are possible.

Abstract: A combustion driven fastener hand tool is disclosed having a piston driven by combustion within a chamber, the piston affixed to a driver for forcing a fastener. The piston forms a retention chamber having a lower internal pressure (“vacuum”) than that of the surrounding combustion chamber when the piston is disposed in the starting position for operation of the device. The lower internal pressure of the retention chamber (generated from a previous combustion cycle) momentarily holds the piston in place such that combustion behind the piston must first increase sufficiently to overcome holding force of the retention chamber before the piston moves. Requiring build up of combustion chamber pressure before piston motion greatly improves efficiency and power of the device. Use of the vacuum retention chamber is readily tunable with proper sizing of the chamber.