Abstract: An optical structure is provided. The optical structure includes a sensor, a bandpass filter and a plurality of protrusions. The bandpass filter is disposed above the sensor. The protrusions are disposed on the bandpass filter. The bandpass filter allows light with a wavelength of 700 nm to 3,000 nm to pass through. The protrusions have a size distribution that controls the phase of the incident light to be between 0 and 2?.

Abstract: The image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate, a pillar array layer, a planar layer, and a microlens layer. The semiconductor substrate includes a first photodiode and a second photodiode. The pillar array layer is disposed on the semiconductor substrate, the pillar array layer includes a first pillar array disposed above the first photodiode and a second pillar array disposed above the second photodiode. The first pillar array includes a plurality of first pillar structures, the second pillar array includes a plurality of second pillar structures, all the first pillar structures have a first height, and all the second pillar structures have a second height. The planar layer is disposed on the pillar array layer. The microlens layer is disposed on the planar layer.

Abstract: An optical structure is provided. The optical structure includes an optical element and a plurality of protrusions. The optical element has a planarized top surface. The plurality of protrusions are disposed on the planarized top surface, wherein each of the plurality of protrusions independently has a size in the subwavelength dimensions.

Abstract: An optical structure is provided. The optical structure includes a sensor, a bandpass filter and a plurality of protrusions. The bandpass filter is disposed above the sensor. The protrusions are disposed on the bandpass filter. The bandpass filter allows light with a wavelength of 700 nm to 3,000 nm to pass through. The protrusions have a size distribution that controls the phase of the incident light to be between 0 and 2?.

Abstract: An optical structure is provided. The optical structure includes an optical element and a plurality of protrusions. The optical element has a planarized top surface. The plurality of protrusions are disposed on the planarized top surface, wherein each of the plurality of protrusions independently has a size in the subwavelength dimensions.