Abstract: A process for making steel in an electric arc furnace includes providing a molten charge which is a melt composed of a high carbon ferrous metal in the electric arc furnace by one of preparing the melt in the furnace or introducing the melt into the furnace, the high carbon ferrous metal being composed of less than 3% carbon, less than 0.2% silicon, and less than 0.2% manganese, and the melt having a temperature of at least 1375° C.; adding to the molten charge provided in the furnace a solid metallic charge composed of least one material selected from the group consisting of scrap steel, hot briquetted iron, direct reduced iron, and iron ore to provide a charge mixture; refining the charge mixture by melting in the absence of gaseous oxygen to provide a molten steel; and superheating, finishing and tapping the molten steel into a ladle for subsequent casting thereof.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for removal of silicon, manganese, carbon and sulphur in a single reaction vessel from molten high carbon ferrous metal by conducting the highly reducing and highly oxidizing reactions at two different locations within the same reaction vessel. The removal of sulphur is effected at the bottom of the vessel, whereas the removal of manganese silicon and carbon is effected at the top layer of the molten layer of the molten metal where slag is present.