Abstract: An atomic clock employs alkali metal atoms such as cesium normally used for microwave atomic clocks but with optical stimulation. While alkali metals provide light emissions having a spectral width being as much as 107 wider (and hence less precise) than alkali earth materials commonly targeted for optical atomic clocks, the present inventors have determined that this disadvantage is significantly reduced by improved signal-to-noise ratio in the obtained signal making practical an atomic clock with improved size, weight, and power consumption.

Abstract: An atomic clock employs alkali metal atoms such as cesium normally used for microwave atomic clocks but with optical stimulation. While alkali metals provide light emissions having a spectral width being as much as 107 wider (and hence less precise) than alkali earth materials commonly targeted for optical atomic clocks, the present inventors have determined that this disadvantage is significantly reduced by improved signal-to-noise ratio in the obtained signal making practical an atomic clock with improved size, weight, and power consumption.

Abstract: A super-resolution microscope avoids the need for complex phase plate optics normally used to produce a doughnut-shaped depletion beam by employing low-intensity regions of common diffraction patterns such as an Airy disk.

Abstract: A super-resolution microscope avoids the need for complex phase plate optics normally used to produce a doughnut-shaped depletion beam by employing low-intensity regions of common diffraction patterns such as an Airy disk.