Abstract: Provided is a structure with which a lung progenitor cells can proliferate while retaining an ability to differentiate into an alveolar epithelial cell and an airway epithelial cell. A structure of the present invention includes a core portion that includes a cell population, and an outer shell portion that covers at least a part of the core portion and contains a hydrogel. The structure has a storage elastic modulus of 150 Pa or more and/or the hydrogel contains alginic acid. The cell population contains an alveolar epithelial cell, an airway epithelial cell, and/or a progenitor cell thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing type II alveolar epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for producing type II alveolar epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells comprising steps of: (1) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor; (2) culturing the cells obtained in Step (1) in a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor; (3) culturing the cells obtained in Step (2) in a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor; (4) culturing the ventral anterior foregut cells obtained in Step (3) in a medium containing a GSK3? inhibitor, FGF10, KGF, and a NOTCH signal inhibitor; and (5) subjecting the alveolar epithelial progenitor cells obtained in Step (4) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a steroid drug, a cAMP derivative, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and KGF.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing type II alveolar epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for producing type II alveolar epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells comprising steps of: (1) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor; (2) culturing the cells obtained in Step (1) in a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor; (3) culturing the cells obtained in Step (2) in a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor; (4) culturing the ventral anterior foregut cells obtained in Step (3) in a medium containing a GSK3? inhibitor, FGF10, KGF, and a NOTCH signal inhibitor; and (5) subjecting the alveolar epithelial progenitor cells obtained in Step (4) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a steroid drug, a cAMP derivative, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and KGF.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing alveolar epithelial progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells, including steps of culturing pluripotent stem cells in (1) a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor, (2) a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor, and (3) a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing alveolar epithelial progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells, including steps of culturing pluripotent stem cells in (1) a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor, (2) a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor, and (3) a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing airway epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for producing airway epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells comprising steps: (1) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor; (2) culturing the cells obtained in Step (1) in a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor; (3) culturing the cells obtained in Step (2) in a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor; (5) subjecting the cells obtained after Step (3) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a GSK3? inhibitor, FGF10, and a ROCK inhibitor; and (6) subjecting the proximal airway epithelial progenitor cells obtained in Step (5) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing airway epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for producing airway epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells comprising steps: (1) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor; (2) culturing the cells obtained in Step (1) in a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor; (3) culturing the cells obtained in Step (2) in a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor; (5) subjecting the cells obtained after Step (3) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a GSK3? inhibitor, FGF10, and a ROCK inhibitor; and (6) subjecting the proximal airway epithelial progenitor cells obtained in Step (5) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing type II alveolar epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for producing type II alveolar epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells comprising steps of: (1) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor; (2) culturing the cells obtained in Step (1) in a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor; (3) culturing the cells obtained in Step (2) in a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor; (4) culturing the ventral anterior foregut cells obtained in Step (3) in a medium containing a GSK3? inhibitor, FGF10, KGF, and a NOTCH signal inhibitor; and (5) subjecting the alveolar epithelial progenitor cells obtained in Step (4) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a steroid drug, a cAMP derivative, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and KGF.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing alveolar epithelial progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells, including steps of culturing pluripotent stem cells in (1) a medium containing activin A and a GSK3? inhibitor, (2) a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF? inhibitor, and (3) a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3? inhibitor.