Abstract: An IMM solar cell includes a substrate, a bottom cell on the substrate; a graded buffer layer on the bottom cell; a middle cell on the graded buffer layer; a top cell on the middle cell.

Abstract: A lubrication apparatus for an engine includes a crankshaft chamber, a camshaft chamber, and an oil reservoir chamber, wherein an oil-suction piping path is provided in the oil reservoir chamber, and is communicated between the crankshaft chamber and the oil reservoir chamber. The oil-suction piping path includes, among others, a rotatable pipe including a plurality of oil-suction orifices located at wall of the rotatable pipe. No matter the engine is situated at any state of declination, at least one of the oil-suction orifices and an air-suction vent is kept under the surface of the lubricant, so that the engine can be appropriately lubricated. Further, a one-way valve is arranged between the crankshaft chamber and the oil reservoir chamber, where most of the lubricant can flow back to the oil reservoir chamber during the descending stroke of a piston, so that a lubricant supply can be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubrication device for a four-stroke engine, including three independent spaces which are crank room, cam room and lubricant room. A chamber is in communication with the three spaces respectively. A suction path assembly is located in the lubricant room and a plurality of suction holes are defined in the path assembly. An air inlet is defined in the suction path assembly. When the piston moves upward, the crank room is in a negative pressure status so as to suck air via the suction path assembly which is in communication with the crank room and the lubricant room by the chamber. The air flows fast in the suction path assembly and generates lower pressure so as to suck the lubrication oil which is then moisturized and sent into the crank room. When the piston moves downward, the crank room and the cam room are in communication with each other and the lubrication oil is sent into the cam room.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubrication device for a four-stroke engine, including three independent spaces which are crank room, cam room and lubricant room. A chamber is in communication with the three spaces respectively. A suction path assembly is located in the lubricant room and a plurality of suction holes are defined in the path assembly. An air inlet is defined in the suction path assembly. When the piston moves upward, the crank room is in a negative pressure status so as to suck air via the suction path assembly which is in communication with the crank room and the lubricant room by the chamber. The air flows fast in the suction path assembly and generates lower pressure so as to suck the lubrication oil which is then moisturized and sent into the crank room. When the piston moves downward, the crank room and the cam room are in communication with each other and the lubrication oil is sent into the cam room.