Abstract: This invention features a biomolecule-bound substrate that includes a support made of an organic polymer and having an unmodified surface; and a plurality of unmodified biomolecules immobilized on the unmodified surface. The organic polymer is acrylic resin, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polysulfone, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, rubber, latex, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile styrene, or a combination thereof. The substrate is formed by placing the unmodified biomolecules on the unmodified surface followed by ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biomolecule-bound substrate made of polymeric molecules, each of which contains a reacting group; and a plurality of biomolecules, each of which contains another reacting group. One of the two reacting groups is a substitute group and the other is a leaving group; and the biomolecules are covalently bonded to the solid support via a chemical ligation reaction between the two reacting groups.

Abstract: The present invention discloses pairs of oligonucleotide primers for use in detecting the presence or absence of an enterovirus in a sample. Also disclosed are synthetic nucleotide sequences capable of specifically hybridizing to a sense strand of an enterovirus nucleic acid or a nucleic acid corresponding to the sense strand. The present invention provides a method of detecting the presence or absence of an enterovirus nucleic acid in a sample as well as a kit for detecting an enterovirus in a sample. The present invention particularly provides a method and a kit for detecting and differentiating enterovirus type 71 and/or coxsackievirus A16 in a sample.

Abstract: This invention features a biomolecule-bound substrate that includes a support made of an organic polymer and having an unmodified surface; and a plurality of unmodified biomolecules immobilized on the unmodified surface. The organic polymer is acrylic resin, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polysulfone, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, rubber, latex, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile styrene, or a combination thereof. The substrate is formed by placing the unmodified biomolecules on the unmodified surface followed by ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: This invention features a discrimination primer for amplifying a nucleic acid that includes a first base at a position suspected of a polymorphism and a second base immediately 3′ to the first base. This primer includes (1) a first nucleotide, which is located at the 3′ terminus of the primer and includes a base that is complementary to the first base; (2) a second nucleotide, which is located immediately 5′ to the first nucleotide and includes a base that is not complementary to the second base; (3) a segment of nucleotides, which is located immediately 5′ to the second nucleotide and is complementary to a part of the nucleic acid that is immediately 3′ to the second base; and (4) a binding member of a specific binding pair covalently bonded to the 5′ terminus of the segment. The first base of the nucleic acid can be mutant or wild-type.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biomolecule-bound substrate made of polymeric molecules, each of which contains a reacting group; and a plurality of biomolecules, each of which contains another reacting group. One of the two reacting groups is a substitute group and the other is a leaving group; and the biomolecules are covalently bonded to the solid support via a chemical ligation reaction between the two reacting groups.

Abstract: A pneumatic apparatus and method for driving a microflow is disclosed. The microflow driving apparatus of this invention comprises an external pneumatic driving device that generates an array of airflows; an air gallery to accept airflows of said pneumatic driving device and to generate a suction force and an exclusion force; and a fluid channel connected with said air gallery to allow a fluid to flow inside it. In the air gallery, a trapezoid block is provided to generate an air circle from at least one of said airflows. An open gap is provided in the fluid channel at the connection of the air gallery and the fluid channel. When different combinations of airflows are introduced into the air gallery, a suction force or an exclusion force is generated to drive the reaction fluid inside the fluid channel to proceed, retreat or pause. A method using the apparatus for driving a microflow is also disclosed.