Abstract: In one aspect the invention relates to a method for testing a chemical entity for its capability to modulate a (poly)peptide that is malfunctioning by means of an interaction of said chemical entity and said (poly)peptide, the method using single-molecule force spectroscopy. In another aspect the invention relates to a method for testing a chemical or physical entity for its capability to interact with a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in its natural membrane environment, the method using single-molecule force spectroscopy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a linear compressor in which a piston is driven by a linear motor and linearly reciprocated inside a cylinder to suck, compress and discharge refrigerants. Even though load is varied, the linear compressor performs the operation in a resonance state by estimating a natural frequency of the piston and synchronizing an operation frequency of the linear motor with the natural frequency of the piston, and efficiently handles the load by varying a compression capacity by changing a stroke of the piston.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a linear compressor which can rapidly overcome load and improve compression efficiency, by synchronizing an operation frequency of a linear motor with a natural frequency of a movable member varied by the load and varying a stroke of the movable member according to the load. The linear compressor includes a fixed member having a compression space inside, a movable member linearly reciprocated in the fixed member in the axial direction, for compressing refrigerants sucked into the compression space, one or more springs installed to elastically support the movable member in the motion direction of the movable member, spring constants of which being varied by load, and a linear motor installed to be connected to the movable member, for linearly reciprocating the movable member in the axial direction, and varying a stroke of the movable member according to a predetermined refrigeration force, so that the movable member can be linearly reciprocated to reach a top dead center.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a linear compressor in which a piston is driven by a linear motor and linearly reciprocated inside a cylinder to suck, compress and discharge refrigerants. The linear compressor synchronizes an operation frequency of the linear motor with a natural frequency of the piston, considering that an elastic force of a mechanical spring and a gas spring which elastically support the piston in the motion direction is varied by load. Even if the load is varied, the linear motor is operated in the resonance state, to maximize efficiency. The linear compressor varies a stroke of the piston according to the load, thereby actively handling and rapidly overcoming the load and reducing power consumption.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for controlling a linear compressor which can actively handle load and efficiently perform an operation, by synchronizing an operation frequency with a natural frequency of a movable member varied by the load.

Abstract: An apparatus used for detecting the endpoint or described completion point of an etching process has a detection window, an optical cable, and a bracket for fixedly holding the detection window and the optical cable with respect to each other. The detection window protrudes outwardly from a wall of a reaction chamber. The optical cable transmits light generated during an etching process from the detection window to a detecting device separate from the detection chamber. The bracket is attached to the wall of the reaction chamber so as to configure a space between the bracket and the detection window. The configuration reduces the intensity of the electric field formed between the bracket and plasma in the reaction chamber.