Abstract: A light-emitting element is provided having a layered structure composed of at least a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting region and a reflective layer for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting region. Light emitted from the light-emitting region is extracted from a light-extracting surface distanced from the light-emitting region. A light-scattering portion is present in a part of the reflective layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting element is provided having a layered structure composed of at least a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting region and a reflective layer for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting region. Light emitted from the light-emitting region is extracted from a light-extracting surface distanced from the light-emitting region. A light-scattering portion is present in a part of the reflective layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting element is provided having a layered structure composed of at least a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting region and a reflective layer for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting region. Light emitted from the light-emitting region is extracted from a light-extracting surface distanced from the light-emitting region. A light-scattering portion is present in a part of the reflective layer.

Abstract: Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur. In the method for driving a liquid crystal display device with OCB cells according to the present invention, a step of applying between an electrode 22 and a pixel electrode 23 an ac voltage superimposed with a bias voltage, and a step of applying zero voltage or a low voltage to the substrates are repeated in alternation preceding the begin of the regular display operation and the regular display operation is carried out after all pixels have transitioned into bend alignment.

Abstract: A light-emitting element is provided having a layered structure composed of at least a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting region and a reflective layer for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting region. Light emitted from the light-emitting region is extracted from a light-extracting surface distanced from the light-emitting region. A light-scattering portion is present in a part of the reflective layer.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube is provided, in which the flatness of a tension mask constituting a color-selection mechanism is maintained by a suitable stretching force, while with the tension mask, the influence of external magnetic fields, such as the terrestrial magnetism is suppressed, and the shifting of the electron beam is reduced. A tension mask made of a magnetostrictive material is used, the tension mask is stretched by a stretching force in a range maintaining the flatness of the tension mask, and the direction and strength of the stretching force are set such that vertical magnetic permeability of the tension mask increases, due to a magnetoelastic effect caused by the stretching force in the magnetostrictive material of the tension mask.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates; and a phase compensator arranged on an outer side of the substrates; wherein, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer, which has been subjected to a parallel alignment process, is in splay alignment, in which pretilt angles of the liquid crystal at an upper and at a lower boundary of the liquid crystal layer have opposite signs; wherein, before liquid crystal display driving, an initialization process is performed, in which the alignment of the liquid crystal layer is transitioned from splay alignment to bend alignment by application of a voltage; and wherein the liquid crystal display driving is performed in the bend alignment attained by this initialization; including at least one region outside the display pixels where the liquid crystal layer thickness is smaller than inside the display pixels, and that an electric field caused by the application of said voltage, applied to the

Abstract: A light-emitting element is provided having a layered structure composed of at least a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting region and a reflective layer for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting region. Light emitted from the light-emitting region is extracted from a light-extracting surface distanced from the light-emitting region. A light-scattering portion is present in a part of the reflective layer.

Abstract: Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur. In the method for driving a liquid crystal display device with OCB cells according to the present invention, a step of applying between an electrode 22 and a pixel electrode 23 an ac voltage superimposed with a bias voltage, and a step of applying zero voltage or a low voltage to the substrates are repeated in alternation preceding the begin of the regular display operation and the regular display operation is carried out after all pixels have transitioned into bend alignment.

Abstract: In the structure of the present invention, there can be provided a cathode ray tube in which deviation in the trajectory of the electron beams by the leakage magnetic field from the mask frame (1) is decreased by using a polygonal mask frame (1) in which the relative magnetic permeability of longer side members (31) out of two side members adjacent to each other at the joint portion of the mask frame (1) is the same as or larger than the relative magnetic permeability of the other side members (21). Thus, the significance of the present invention in industrial terms is large.

Abstract: Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur.

Abstract: An internal magnetic shield includes a pair of opposing long side walls (1), a pair of opposing short side walls (2), and an opening (3) enclosed by these side walls in the center. The short side walls (2) are provided with notches (4) having a substantially home-plate shape. This configuration can reduce mislanding of an electron beam on the entire screen and easily balance the amount of mislanding due to geomagnetism in the tube-axis direction and in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the tube axis. As a result, a cathode ray tube capable of displaying images without displacement and unevenness of colors can be provided.

Abstract: A light-emitting element is provided having a layered structure composed of at least a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting region and a reflective layer for reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting region. Light emitted from the light-emitting region is extracted from a light-extracting surface distanced from the light-emitting region. A light-scattering portion is present in a part of the reflective layer.

Abstract: Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur. In the method for driving a liquid crystal display device with OCB cells according to the present invention, a step of applying between an electrode 22 and a pixel electrode 23 an ac voltage superimposed with a bias voltage, and a step of applying zero voltage or a low voltage to the substrates are repeated in alternation preceding the begin of the regular display operation and the regular display operation is carried out after all pixels have transitioned into bend alignment.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell including an army substrate provided with a pixel electrode, a signal electrode line, and a gate electrode line and an opposing substrate provided with a common electrode, in which pretilt angles of liquid crystal at upper and lower interfaces of a liquid crystal layer disposed between the army substrate and the opposing substrate have opposite signs having splay alignment formed by parallel alignment process while no voltage is applied. The active matrix liquid crystal display device is subjected to an initialization process for transitioning the splay alignment to bend alignment by application of voltage before liquid crystal display driving and adapted to perform the liquid crystal display driving in the bend alignment.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube is provided, in which the flatness of a tension mask constituting a color-selection mechanism is maintained by a suitable stretching force, while with the tension mask, the influence of external magnetic fields, such as the terrestrial magnetism is suppressed, and the shifting of the electron beam is reduced. A tension mask made of a magnetostrictive material is used, the tension mask is stretched by a stretching force in a range maintaining the flatness of the tension mask, and the direction and strength of the stretching force are set such that vertical magnetic permeability of the tension mask increases, due to a magnetoelastic effect caused by the stretching force in the magnetostrictive material of the tension mask.

Abstract: The distribution of magnetic field of the terrestrialmagnetism is complicated. Thus, it is difficult to compensate the deviation of the arrival point of the electron beam onto the fluorescent material plane due to the influence of external magnetic field such as the terrestrialmagnetic field, when only an inner magnetic shield and a mask are installed in a flat type color CRT to avoid such influence, in certain regions on the earth, where such CRT is used. The first countermeasure of the influence is using of a stripe type color cathode ray tube, which has a large allowance to the deviation of the arrival point of the electron beam in the vertical direction. Next countermeasure is disposing of a filler made from non-magnetic material or hard magnetic material and/or a gap between the inner magnetic shield and the frame of the mask so as to flow out the magnetic flux, which come from the edge of inner magnetic shield and tend to flow into the inside space of the mask.

Abstract: In the structure of the present invention, there can be provided a cathode ray tube in which deviation in the trajectory of the electron beams by the leakage magnetic field from the mask frame (1) is decreased by using a polygonal mask frame (1) in which the relative magnetic permeability of longer side members (31) out of two side members adjacent to each other at the joint portion of the mask frame (1) is the same as or larger than the relative magnetic permeability of the other side members (21). Thus, the significance of the present invention in industrial terms is large.

Abstract: Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur.