Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition that is excellent in all of the following: dispersibility in water or the like immediately after the preparation, storage stability, and the transparency of a neutral viscous solution thereof. A method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition, the carboxyl group-containing polymer composition comprising a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) that is a copolymer of monomers comprising an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule; and a nonionic surfactant (B), the method comprising the step of copolymerizing the monomers, wherein in the step, the nonionic surfactant (B) is added into the system when the polymerization degree of the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) has reached 70 to 100%.

Abstract: There is provided a gel composition that can be suitably used as a thickener for cosmetic preparations and the like. A gel composition comprising a neutralized product of an alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing polymer, which is a copolymer of monomers comprising 100 parts by mass of (meth)acrylic acid (a), 2.5 to 5 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester (b) in which the alkyl group has 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and 0.1 part by mass or less of a compound (c) having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups; and at least one of an anionic emulsifier and a nonionic emulsifier.

Abstract: There is provided a gel composition that can be suitably used as a thickener for cosmetic preparations and the like. A gel composition comprising a neutralized product of an alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing polymer, which is a copolymer of monomers comprising 100 parts by mass of (meth)acrylic acid (a), 2.5 to 5 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester (b) in which the alkyl group has 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and 0.1 part by mass or less of a compound (c) having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups; and at least one of an anionic emulsifier and a nonionic emulsifier.

Abstract: There is provided a gel composition that comprises a betaine-based emulsifier and can be suitably used as a thickener for cosmetic preparations and the like. A gel composition comprising a neutralized product of an alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing polymer, which is a copolymer of monomers comprising 100 parts by mass of (meth)acrylic acid (a), 2.5 to 5 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester (b) in which the alkyl group has 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and 0.1 part by mass or less of a compound (c) having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups; and a betaine-based emulsifier.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition that is excellent in all of the following: dispersibility in water or the like immediately after the preparation, storage stability, and the transparency of a neutral viscous solution thereof. A method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition, the carboxyl group-containing polymer composition comprising a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) that is a copolymer of monomers comprising an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule; and a nonionic surfactant (B), the method comprising the step of copolymerizing the monomers, wherein in the step, the nonionic surfactant (B) is added into the system when the polymerization degree of the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) has reached 70 to 100%.

Abstract: There is provided a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition having excellent water solubility and aqueous solution-thickening properties, having a minimal change in viscosity due to the thermal history in a drying step, and having high transparency of a neutral viscous solution obtained by mixing with water. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition comprises (A) a carboxyl group-containing polymer obtained by copolymerization of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a1) and a compound (a2) having at least two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule; (B) a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester alkylene oxide adduct; and (C) a polyoxyalkylene modified product, which is at least one of an ether (c1) of a polyoxyalkylene with a fatty alcohol, and a polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester (c2).

Abstract: There is provided a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition having excellent water solubility and aqueous solution-thickening properties, having a minimal change in viscosity due to the thermal history in a drying step, and having high transparency of a neutral viscous solution obtained by mixing with water. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition comprises (A) a carboxyl group-containing polymer obtained by copolymerization of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a1) and a compound (a2) having at least two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule; (B) a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester alkylene oxide adduct; and (C) a polyoxyalkylene modified product, which is at least one of an ether (c1) of a polyoxyalkylene with a fatty alcohol, and a polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester (c2).

Abstract: A transmitting side (101) transmits broadcast content (100) through a communication network (111) or a broadcast network (110). Transmission through the communication network (111) involves an addition of an IP header (100b) to the broadcast content (100) for packetization as an IP packet (100a) and transmission to a terminal device (112) on a receiving side (102). Transmission through the broadcast network (110) involves encapsulation of the IP packet into a given transmission packet (105) used with a digital broadcast signal for transmission to the terminal device on the receiving side (102).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process for conveniently and efficiently producing high purity thioredoxin from yeast. In the production of thioredoxin using yeast, thioredoxin is produced through the following steps (i) to (iii): (1) culturing the yeast; (2) stressing the yeast obtained in step (1) to cause a release of thioredoxin from a cell of the yeast; and (3) collecting the thioredoxin released from the yeast cell.

Abstract: The content receiving unit (201) receives IP packets (Ethernet frames) that include broadcast content. The assigning unit (202) assigns, based on a given method, received Ethernet frames to the A-layer and the B-layer that are different digital broadcast layers. The Ethernet frames assigned to the A-layer are encapsulated by the A-layer processing unit (203), and transmitted to a terrestrial digital broadcast network together with encapsulation format information. Meanwhile, the Ethernet frames assigned to the B-layer are encapsulated by the B-layer processing unit (204), and transmitted to the terrestrial digital broadcast network together with encapsulation format information.

Abstract: An information communication apparatus (100A) that receives transmission information transmitted from a broadcast station, generates and relays response information to an information communication apparatus (100C) having access to a communication network (120) includes: a broadcast-wave I/F that receives the transmission information; a wireless I/F that transmits the response information to the information communication apparatus (100C) capable of wireless communication to relay the response information to an area having access to the communication network (120); a communication network I/F that is connected to the communication network (120) and transmits the response information; a response-transmission-information generating unit that generates the response information; and a connection control unit that determines whether the communication network (120) is accessible, transmits the response information to the communication network (120) when accessible, and relays the response information to the connectab

Abstract: A communication terminal apparatus (130) includes a receiving unit (132) that receives distribution data distributed through a unidirectional communication network (210), an OS/application unit (131) that accepts transmission data to a tunneling apparatus (120), and a communication processing unit (133) that transmits the transmission data to a bidirectional communication network (220). When the communication processing unit (133) detects an error message of an encapsulated packet from the network (220) using a detecting unit (134), a setting unit (135) sets new transmission data that includes the error message. An error processing unit (136) subjects the transmission data to a process of resolving the error and thereafter, the transmission data is again transmitted to the network (220) to use the transmission data as distribution data from the tunneling apparatus (120).

Abstract: A relay apparatus (110) includes a communication I/F (113) that receives an IP packet from a source terminal (120A) via a communication network (101), a broadcast wave interface (114) that transmits the IP packet received via the communication network I/F (113) to a destination terminal (120B) by a digital broadcast wave, and a receiving and transmitting unit (111) that transmits the IP packet that is received by the communication I/F (113) and transmitted by the transmitting communication terminal (120A) to the destination terminal (120B) via the broadcast wave I/F (114).

Abstract: A content transmitting apparatus includes a content transmitting unit (111) that IP packetizes content to be transmitted through a communication network (101), and an encapsulating unit (112) that encapsulates the content IP packetized by the content transmitting unit (111) to generate a transmission packet to be transmitted through a broadcast network (102) for digital broadcast media. The content transmitting unit (111) and the encapsulating unit (112) transmit plural content items by IP multicast. The content transmitting unit (111) adds, to a header of the content to be IP packetized, information concerning a condition of a receiving side node of the content.

Abstract: A broadcast-content transmitting apparatus includes a content input unit (201) that receives frame data including a broadcast content and a ULE encapsulating unit (203) that performs a predetermined encapsulation process on the input frame data. The transmitting apparatus further includes an SNDU?DDB unit (212) or an SNDU?MODULE unit (213) that form the encapsulated frame data into a DDB, which is a predetermined block unit, generate a DII, which is information concerning the DDB, and output the DDB and the DII as a section based on a predetermined data carousel scheme and a transmitting unit (204) that transmits the section output from the SNDU?DDB unit (212) or the SNDU?MODULE unit (213) to a terrestrial digital broadcasting network.

Abstract: A communication terminal apparatus (130) includes a receiving unit (132) that receives distribution data distributed through a unidirectional communication network (210), an OS/application unit (131) that accepts transmission data to a tunneling apparatus (120), and a communication processing unit (133) that transmits the transmission data to a bidirectional communication network (220). When the communication processing unit (133) detects an error message of an encapsulated packet from the network (220) using a detecting unit (134), a setting unit (135) sets new transmission data that includes the error message. An error processing unit (136) subjects the transmission data to a process of resolving the error and thereafter, the transmission data is again transmitted to the network (220) to use the transmission data as distribution data from the tunneling apparatus (120).

Abstract: The content receiving unit (201) receives IP packets (Ethernet frames) that include broadcast content. The assigning unit (202) assigns, based on a given method, received Ethernet frames to the A-layer and the B-layer that are different digital broadcast layers. The Ethernet frames assigned to the A-layer are encapsulated by the A-layer processing unit (203), and transmitted to a terrestrial digital broadcast network together with encapsulation format information. Meanwhile, the Ethernet frames assigned to the B-layer are encapsulated by the B-layer processing unit (204), and transmitted to the terrestrial digital broadcast network together with encapsulation format information.

Abstract: A broadcast-content transmitting apparatus includes a content input unit (201) that receives frame data including a broadcast content and a ULE encapsulating unit (203) that performs a predetermined encapsulation process on the input frame data. The transmitting apparatus further includes an SNDU?DDB unit (212) or an SNDU?MODULE unit (213) that form the encapsulated frame data into a DDB, which is a predetermined block unit, generate a DII, which is information concerning the DDB, and output the DDB and the DII as a section based on a predetermined data carousel scheme and a transmitting unit (204) that transmits the section output from the SNDU?DDB unit (212) or the SNDU?MODULE unit (213) to a terrestrial digital broadcasting network.

Abstract: A transmitting side (101) transmits broadcast content (100) through a communication network (111) or a broadcast network (110). Transmission through the communication network (111) involves an addition of an IP header (100b) to the broadcast content (100) for packetization as an IP packet (100a) and transmission to a terminal device (112) on a receiving side (102). Transmission through the broadcast network (110) involves encapsulation of the IP packet into a given transmission packet (105) used with a digital broadcast signal for transmission to the terminal device on the receiving side (102).

Abstract: An information communication apparatus (100A) that receives transmission information transmitted from a broadcast station, generates and relays response information to an information communication apparatus (100C) having access to a communication network (120) includes: a broadcast-wave I/F that receives the transmission information; a wireless I/F that transmits the response information to the information communication apparatus (100C) capable of wireless communication to relay the response information to an area having access to the communication network (120); a communication network I/F that is connected to the communication network (120) and transmits the response information; a response-transmission-information generating unit that generates the response information; and a connection control unit that determines whether the communication network (120) is accessible, transmits the response information to the communication network (120) when accessible, and relays the response information to the connectab