Abstract: A liquid crystal display utilizing a vertically aligned state of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied and to a method of manufacturing the same. Objectives include providing a liquid crystal display and a method of manufacturing the same in which the existing step for forming vertical alignment films can be omitted to achieve a cost reduction. The liquid crystal display includes a monofunctional monomer having a structure expressed by X—R (where X represents an acrylate group or a methacrylate group, and R represents an organic group having a steroid skeleton). A liquid crystal material is sandwiched between substrates, which are then irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the monofunctional monomer, thereby forming a polymer film at an interface of a substrate. The monofunctional monomer has a hydrophobic skeleton such as an alkyl chain and a photoreactive group on one side of the skeleton.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid crystal display device, including a pixel electrode formed on the substrate, wherein the pixel electrode includes a micro-cutout pattern defined by a plurality of micro-cutouts extending in four different directions with respect to an extension direction of a rough structural pattern. The substrate also includes a first electrode extending in a first direction, a second electrode extending in a second direction that is approximately perpendicular to the first direction, and a contact hole that electrically connects the pixel electrode and the first electrode. A portion of the rough structural pattern and/or a portion of the micro-cutout pattern overlap the first electrode. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including such a substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules provided between a first substrate and a second substrate; pixels forming a display area; electrodes for applying a voltage across the liquid crystal layer within each of the pixels; a plurality of domain regulating structures for dividing orientations of the liquid crystal molecules and forming multiple domains within each of the pixels, when a predetermined voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer within each of the pixels. The device also includes a structure which is formed in an outer area located next to the display area, but that does not overlap the display area, and is substantially the same as at least one of the plurality of domain regulating structures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other to form a gap; spaced vertical alignment films formed on the substrate in the gap; a cured material formed on at least one of the alignment films in the gap; and a liquid crystal layer of liquid crystal molecules. The display also includes a pixel electrode formed on one of the substrates in a pixel region and having either a plurality of elongated members arranged with spaces therebetween and connected by a connecting member or a plurality of elongated openings arranged in patterns. Finally, the cured material is at least formed on the vertical alignment films so that an alignment direction of at least the liquid crystal molecules adjacent the alignment films is regulated.

Abstract: This liquid crystal display device comprises electrodes that are formed on at least one of a pair of substrates, and are used for applying voltage onto liquid crystal molecules; a first alignment control layer that is sandwiched between the substrates, and makes the liquid crystal molecules aligned vertically; a liquid crystal layer formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable compound between the substrates, followed by ultraviolet ray irradiation; and a second alignment control layer composed of a UV-cured product formed by the ultraviolet ray irradiation that is formed so that not less than two domains having different threshold voltages are present in a pixel, and at least one of the domains has a threshold voltage higher than the threshold voltage by the first alignment control layer. Liquid crystal display devices having good half-tone viewing angle characteristics are provided.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. A structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. The liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including first and second substrates, with a liquid crystal layer sealed therebetween; and first and second electrodes formed, respectively, on the first and second substrates. A first molecule orientation film is formed on the first substrate so as to cover the first electrode and a second molecule orientation film formed on the second substrate so as to cover the second electrode. A polarizer with a light absorption axis P is provided outside of the first substrate, and an analyzer with a light absorption axis A is provided outside of the second substrate. The light absorption axis A crosses the light absorption axis P. A plurality of micro structures are associated with at least one of the first and second electrodes, wherein the micro structures are obliquely arranged with respect to the light absorption axis P and the light absorption axis A.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an inorganic-organic hybrid film which is excellent in transparency, adhesion, heat resistance, weatherability, and anti-rust property, whose refractive index may be controlled easily, and which is also excellent in hardness. Also provided are an inorganic-organic hybrid composition as a starting material for the film, and a hard coating material, an optical material, an anti-rust coating material, and a conductive coating material, all utilizing the composition. The composition is characterized by containing organic component (A) composed of monomer component (a1) containing a particular diol (meth)acrylate compound (U) having a urethane bond, or polymer component (a2) containing polymer (P) obtained by polymerization of monomer component (a1), and inorganic component (B), wherein the ratio of the organic component (A) to the inorganic component (B) is 1:99 to 99:1 by mass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display utilizing a vertically aligned state of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied and to a method of manufacturing the same. The liquid crystal display includes a monofunctional monomer having a structure expressed by X—R (where X represents an acrylate group or a methacrylate group, and R represents an organic group having a steroid skeleton). A liquid crystal material is sandwiched between substrates which is then irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the monofunctional monomer, thereby forming a polymer film at an interface of a substrate. The monofunctional monomer has a hydrophobic skeleton such as an alkyl chain and a photoreactive group on one side of the skeleton.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, in which a liquid crystal layer is supported by a liquid crystal substrate, in which an orientation-controlling layer is formed on a surface of the liquid crystal substrate to regulate an orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in the predetermined direction, and the orientation-controlling layer is formed by an incorporated additive added to the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display and a method of manufacturing the same and provides a liquid crystal display and a method of manufacturing the same which allow a reduction of manufacturing cost. A configuration is employed, which includes a pair of substrates provided opposite to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the substrates, and a photo-curing material for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal, the photo-curing material being formed in the vicinity of an interface between the liquid crystal and the pair of substrates as a result of polymerization of a polymerizable component mixed in the liquid crystal, the reaction being promoted by a photo-initiator including no chlorine atom.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules provided between a first substrate and a second substrate; pixels forming a display area; electrodes for applying a voltage across the liquid crystal layer within each of the pixels; a plurality of domain regulating structures for dividing orientations of the liquid crystal molecules and forming multiple domains within each of the pixels, when a predetermined voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer within each of the pixels; and a structure which is formed in an outer area located next to the display area and is substantially the same as at least one of the plurality of domain regulating structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display utilizing a vertically aligned state of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied and to a method of manufacturing the same. The invention is aimed at providing a liquid crystal display and a method of manufacturing the same in which the existing step for forming vertical alignment films can be omitted to achieve a cost reduction. The liquid crystal display includes a monofunctional monomer having a structure expressed by X—R (where X represents an acrylate group or a methacrylate group, and R represents an organic group having a steroid skeleton). A liquid crystal material is sandwiched between substrates which is then irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the monofunctional monomer, thereby forming a polymer film at an interface of a substrate. The monofunctional monomer has a hydrophobic skeleton such as an alkyl chain and a photoreactive group on one side of the skeleton.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates sandwiching liquid crystal molecules, a plurality of gate bus lines, and a plurality of data bus lines, with each of the data bus lines extending to intersect the gate bus lines and bending in a zigzag manner. A plurality of pixels are formed in areas enclosed by the data and gate bus lines, with a plurality of pixel electrodes, each covering a substantial area of one of the pixels. A plurality of domain regulating structures for regulating orientation directions of the liquid crystal molecules and for forming multiple domains are formed in each of the pixels. At least one of the domain regulating structures bends along a first side edge of the pixel electrode and domains are divided in accordance with the bending of the domain regulating structure.

Abstract: A high-performance liquid crystal display device is provided that can be manufactured at a low cost and a high production yield. In this liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal composition comprising liquid crystal molecules and a polymerizable compound that can be polymerized by ultraviolet rays or by a combination of ultraviolet rays and heat is disposed between a pair of substrates; the polymerizable compound is polymerized, forming a liquid crystal layer, by an operation including irradiation of ultraviolet rays that do not contain wavelength components of not higher than 313 nm; and uneven portions are installed on the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, or a slit pattern is installed in an electrode, or uneven portions are installed on the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, and a slit pattern is installed in the electrode.

Abstract: A vertically aligned liquid crystal display device such as of the MVA mode and a method of manufacturing the same featuring favorable viewing angle characteristics. The liquid crystal display device includes an electrode formed on at least one substrate of a pair of substrates to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules, a first alignment control layer for vertically aligning the liquid crystal molecules and a liquid crystal layer that are held between the pair of substrates, and a second alignment control layer of an ultraviolet ray-cured product formed after the liquid crystal layer is held between the pair of substrates, wherein the second alignment control layer is so formed that there exist two or more regions of different threshold voltages in each display pixel, at least one region has a threshold voltage higher than a threshold voltage produced by the first alignment control layer, and a pre-tilted angle ?p of not smaller than 86° but smaller than 90° is possessed by all regions.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. A structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. The liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a common electrode on a first substrate, a pixel electrode on a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates. The device also include first and second alignment control structures formed, respectively, on the first and second substrates, for regulating azimuths of orientations of the liquid crystal when a voltage is applied thereto. The first and second alignment control structures each include a first line portion (extending in a first direction) and a second line portion (extending in a second direction, which is different from the first direction). The pixel electrode includes an edge extending in a direction different from both the first and second directions.

Abstract: A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage is applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.