Abstract: A wireless communication system includes: a multiple number of mobile station apparatuses that transmit code bits obtained by applying error-correction coding to information bits; a relay station apparatus that receives code bits from the multiple mobile station apparatuses, applies network coding on the code bits and transmits the network-code bits; and a base station apparatus that receives and decodes the code bits and the network-code bits, wherein the base station apparatus, when decoding the received code bits, performs iteration decoding by regarding the received code bits as a serially concatenated code of network coding and error correction coding. Accordingly, decoding is performed by regarding the network code and the error correction code as a serial concatenated code, it is possible to obtain diversity with a simple configuration.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a golf club head, at least a part of the golf club head is integrally precision-cast in titanium or an alloy thereof. The golf club head has a hollow section and a sole face provided therein with an opening communicating with the hollow section. A sole closure is manufactured by means of pressing. The sole closure is in agreement in dimension with the opening and is made of titanium or an alloy thereof. The sole closure made of the titanium or the alloy thereof is mounted to the opening in the golf club head in a sealed manner.