Abstract: A method of manufacturing a battery electrode includes a powder supply step, a vibration step, a sorting step, a moving step, and a deposition step, in the powder supply step, a powder 60 composed of granulated particles is supplied, in the vibration step, vibration is applied to the powder, in the sorting step, the powder is caused to pass through at least one opening H1, H2 to adjust a particle diameter of the granulated particles to a particle diameter that allows passing through the opening, in the moving step, the powder that has passed through the opening is moved from an outlet position P1 of the opening to a supply position P2 where the powder is supplied to the surface of a current collector 31, and in the deposition step, the powder is deposited on the surface of the current collector.

Abstract: An antifouling structure precursor, comprising: a modification layer that contains a modifier having a perfluoropolyether chain; and an oxide layer that has a surface entirely covered with the modification layer, wherein the modification layer has an uneven film thickness and comprises a comparatively thick area and a comparatively thin area that is dispersed in the comparatively thick area, and a coverage rate of covering the oxide layer with the comparatively thick area is equal to or greater than 10%. An antifouling structure, comprising: an antifouling structure precursor; and a lubricant oil on a surface of the antifouling structure precursor.

Abstract: An antifouling structure precursor, comprising: a modification layer that contains a modifier having a perfluoropolyether chain; and an oxide layer that has a surface entirely covered with the modification layer, wherein the modification layer has an uneven film thickness and comprises a comparatively thick area and a comparatively thin area that is dispersed in the comparatively thick area, and a coverage rate of covering the oxide layer with the comparatively thick area is equal to or greater than 10%. An antifouling structure, comprising: an antifouling structure precursor; and a lubricant oil on a surface of the antifouling structure precursor.

Abstract: A surface modification method for modifying a surface of an oxide includes: producing a surface modification composition; and applying the surface modification composition onto the surface of an oxide layer. In producing the surface modification composition, a modifier having a perfluoropolyether chain is mixed with a first modification accelerator containing an inorganic acid and a second modification accelerator containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal salt and an organometallic compound.

Abstract: The antifouling structure of the present invention includes an oxide layer, a surface modification layer that modifies the surface of the oxide layer, and an antifouling liquid retained in the surface modification layer. And in the antifouling structure, the surface modification layer is a modification layer derived from a silane coupling agent; the antifouling liquid includes a first antifouling liquid satisfying Equation (1) below and a second antifouling liquid satisfying Equation (2) below; and the volume ratio (first antifouling liquid/second antifouling liquid) of the first antifouling liquid to the second antifouling liquid is from 1/2 to 100/1: Y?3X+2000??Equation (1) Y>3X+2000??Equation (2) in which, in Equations (1) and (2), Y represents the average molecular weight of the antifouling liquid, and X represents a kinematic viscosity (cSt) at 20° C. of the antifouling liquid.

Abstract: A particulate matter oxidizing catalyst includes: at least one metal selected from the group consisting of: gallium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium and gold; and cerium, wherein a first oxide includes: the cerium, and a first metal which is at least one element selected from the group consisting of: gallium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel, wherein a second oxide includes: the cerium, and a second metal which is at least one element selected from the group consisting of: praseodymium, zirconium and aluminum, and wherein the second oxide and the first oxide have a content ratio of second oxide/(first oxide+second oxide)=0.1 by mass to 0.8 by mass.

Abstract: A particulate matter oxidizing catalyst includes: at least one metal selected from the group consisting of: gallium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium and gold; and cerium, wherein a first oxide includes: the cerium, and a first metal which is at least one element selected from the group consisting of: gallium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel, wherein a second oxide includes: the cerium, and a second metal which is at least one element selected from the group consisting of: praseodymium, zirconium and aluminum, and wherein the second oxide and the first oxide have a content ratio of second oxide/(first oxide+second oxide)=0.1 by mass to 0.8 by mass.