Abstract: Embodiments of bipolar electrostatic chucks are provided herein. In some embodiments, a bipolar electrostatic chuck includes a ceramic plate; a plurality of electrodes disposed in the ceramic plate, wherein the plurality of electrodes include one or more positive electrodes arranged in a first pattern and one or more negative electrodes arranged in a second pattern; an aluminum base plate coupled to the ceramic plate; a positive conduit extending through the aluminum base plate and electrically coupled to the one or more positive electrodes, and a negative conduit extending through the aluminum base plate and electrically coupled to the one or more negative electrodes; and a first insulative tube disposed about each of the positive conduit and the negative conduit.

Abstract: A hyphae inhibition apparatus irradiates an organism having hyphae with light to inhibit growth of the hyphae. The hyphae inhibition apparatus includes a first light source generator, including at least one of a violet light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from 380 nm to 410 nm, inclusive, or a UVB light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from at least 280 nm to below 350 nm. The hyphae inhibition apparatus also includes a second light source generator, including at least one of a blue light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from at least 350 nm to below 380 nm or a UVA light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from 415 nm to 480 nm, inclusive.

Abstract: A hyphae inhibition apparatus irradiates an organism having hyphae with light to inhibit growth of the hyphae. The hyphae inhibition apparatus includes a first light source generator, including at least one of a violet light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from 380 nm to 410 nm, inclusive, or a UVB light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from at least 280 nm to below 350 nm. The hyphae inhibition apparatus also includes a second light source generator, including at least one of a blue light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from at least 350 nm to below 380 nm or a UVA light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from 415 nm to 480 nm, inclusive.

Abstract: A freshness keeping method is provided. The freshness keeping method irradiates, with irradiation light, crops after harvesting. The irradiation light includes a first peak wavelength within a wavelength range from 400 nm to 480 nm inclusive, a second peak wavelength within a wavelength range from 500 nm to 650 nm inclusive, and a third peak wavelength within a wavelength range from 700 nm to 750 nm inclusive. An intensity of the irradiation light at the third peak wavelength is 5% or more of an intensity of the irradiation light at the first peak wavelength.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting androgen activity, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof, and a method for treating tumor, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof

Abstract: A method of preserving freshness of a harvested crop includes irradiating the harvested crop with blue light and misting the harvested crop with water mist while irradiating the harvested crop with the blue light.

Abstract: An object to be dissolved by the present invention is to provide a crystal superior in storage stability and in hygroscopy, in particular, while ensuring sufficient reproducibility. The present invention provides crystals of a monohydrate of 4-((1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-carbonyl)-N-(4-(4-morpholin-1-yl-carbonylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl)-1-piperazinecarboxamide.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting androgen activity, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof, and a method for treating tumor, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof

Abstract: A lighting system that irradiates a fresh product with light is provided. The lighting system includes a white light source that emits white light and a near-infrared light source that emits near-infrared light having at least one peak wavelength in a wavelength range of from 700 nm to 1100 nm, inclusive. The near-infrared light at least partially overlaps an area illuminated by the white light on a placement surface on which the fresh product is placed.

Abstract: An acetic acid ester compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein R represents optionally substituted deuterated lower alkyl, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting androgen activity, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof, and a method for treating tumor, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof

Abstract: A lighting apparatus to be installed in an area adjacent to land is provided. The lighting apparatus includes a plurality of light sources disposed on a board and further includes a light shield. The light shield blocks a portion of light emitted from the light sources. The portion of light has a predetermined wavelength. The light shield is disposed on the board closer to the land than at least a light source disposed closest to the land among the light sources. The light shield has a shape which sends, to the land, first emission light included in the light emitted from the light sources. The shape avoids sending, to the land, second emission light included in the light emitted from the light sources. The first emission light passes through the light shield. The second emission light does not pass through the light shield.

Abstract: A benzilic acid ester compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein R represents optionally substituted fluorinated lower alkyl, is disclosed.

Abstract: A tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition including the tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier:

Abstract: A method of preserving freshness of a harvested crop includes irradiating the harvested crop with red light.

Abstract: A method of preserving freshness of a harvested crop includes irradiating the harvested crop with blue light and misting the harvested crop with water mist while irradiating the harvested crop with the blue light.

Abstract: An acetic acid ester compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein R represents optionally substituted deuterated lower alkyl, is disclosed.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a flexible board having a first surface on which a component is mounted and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a bottom electrode part having a bottom surface on which a heat release electrode is provided, the bottom electrode part mounted on the first surface of the flexible board; and a heat release member configured to absorb heat from the bottom electrode part and release the heat to outside. The heat release member is arranged close to said second surface of the flexible board at a position where the bottom electrode part is mounted.

Abstract: An acetic acid ester compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein R represents optionally substituted deuterated lower alkyl, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting androgen activity, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof, and a method for treating tumor, including administering an effective amount of a tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof