Abstract: A method for producing a soluble conductive polymer having acidic groups, which comprises subjecting to electrolytic polymerization (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of acidic group-substituted anilines, acidic group-substituted pyrroles, acidic group-substituted thiophenes, acidic group-substituted furans, acidic group-substituted selenophenes, acidic group-substituted tellurophenes, acidic group-substituted isothianaphthenes, acidic group-substituted isobenzofurans, acidic group-substituted isoindolines, acidic group-substituted isobenzoselenophenes, acidic group-substituted isobenzotellurophenes, and their metal salts, ammonium salts and substituted ammonium salts in a solution containing (b) a basic compound.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to present a recording and reproducing apparatus capable of mounting a bare disk and a cartridge selectively on a tray, without dropping from the tray in vertical position.

Abstract: A recording and reproducing apparatus using high density recording disk, such as optical disk. The recording and reproducing device of this invention can accommodated both disk and disk cartridges of a plurality of differing sizes. Because this invention can accommodate both disk and disk cartridges, a single device that can both record and reproduce information to or from a high density disk is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention enables a disc loading apparatus to handle both a bare disc and a disc housed in disc cartridge for writing/reading signals, which comprisesa holding device consisting of a first holding device for elastically fitting with holding cuts provided at both sides of a disc cartridge inserted in an inserting gate and a second holding device for elastically holding the circumferential edge of a bare disc inserted in said inserting gate, which device is movable along a direction connecting said inserting gate and a table, anda transfer means to carry said holding device so that disc and a disc housed in said disc cartridge travel between said inserting gate and said turn table; thusa bare disc and a disc cartridge are selectively held by the holding device to be loaded.

Abstract: To prevent a great variation of a detected wheel velocity for a period of time after a front wheel sensor or a rear wheel sensor for detection of a wheel velocity actually fails until a microcomputer detects the failure, it is determined whether or not an output pulse period of a front wheel sensor is equal to or shorter than a predetermined period. When the output pulse period exceeds the predetermined period, it is determined that there is the possibility that the front wheel sensor may be in failure, thus a front wheel velocity for a predetermined number of control cycles before (a front wheel velocity before the failure) is adopted as a front wheel velocity of the present control cycle. Also, a rear wheel velocity is calculated in a similar manner. For a time after a failure actually occurs until the failure is detected by a microcomputer, driving force control is not started even if other starting conditions for driving force control are satisfied.

Abstract: To prevent a great variation of a detected wheel velocity for a period of time after a front wheel sensor or a rear wheel sensor for detection of a wheel velocity actually fails until a microcomputer detects the failure, it is determined whether or not an output pulse period of a front wheel sensor is equal to or shorter than a predetermined period. When the output pulse period exceeds the predetermined period, it is determined that there is the possibility that the front wheel sensor may be in failure, thus a front wheel velocity for a predetermined number of control cycles before, or a front wheel velocity before the failure, is adopted as a front wheel velocity of the present control cycle. Also, a rear wheel velocity is calculated in a similar manner. For a time after a failure actually occurs until the failure is detected by a microcomputer, driving force control is not started even if other starting conditions for driving force control are satisfied.

Abstract: The current ignition delay angle is increased gradually until the delay angle reaches a maximum delay angle stored in a maximum delay angle storage unit when the failure of a traction control unit is detected by a failure detecting member while a switching member is set so as to select the output of a traction control mode ignition angle calculating device. A failure control mode ignition angle calculating device calculates an ignition angle on the basis of the increased delay angle and a standard ignition angle. In case failure occurs in the traction control system during traction control operation, ignition delay angle is increased gradually to reduce the running speed of the vehicle gradually regardless of the opening of the throttle valve. Accordingly, the vehicle is not subjected to shocks attributable to the change of control mode when failure occurs in the traction control system.

Abstract: In a pressure transducer of the type utilizing movement of a pressure responsive member to move the core of a differential transformer which is excited periodically by an oscillation circuit and produces a.c. voltages converted into a d.c. output voltage by an AC-DC conversion circuit, a calibration circuit which produces a variable calibrating voltage is provided. Calibrating the output voltage of the pressure transducer to a reference value at a reference pressure is attained by two sequential steps. In the first step, relative position between the core and the windings of the differential transformer is determined, with the reference pressure exerting on the pressure responsive member and with the calibration circuit being disconnected from the conversion circuit, so that the d.c. output voltage deviates from the reference value. In the second step, the calibration circuit is connected to the conversion circuit and the calibrating voltage is varied so that the d.c.

Abstract: A fuel consumption rate detecting apparatus comprises a circuit for representing fuel consumption amount per unit time, a pulse generator for generating a pulse signal whose pulse width is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption and whose frequency is inversely proportional to the vehicle speed, and meter circuit for measuring the mean value of the pulse signal, which is, in turn, proportional to the fuel consumption rate.