Abstract: A communication system includes a user terminal that transmits and receives a message, and a server device that manages a public key and a private key, wherein the user terminal includes first processing circuitry configured to, when transmitting the message to another user terminal, acquire a public key corresponding to identification information about a recipient of the message, and encrypt the message or a file attached to the message, using the acquired public key, transmit, to the another user terminal, a message obtained by encrypting the message or the file attached to the message, and when receiving the message from the another user terminal, request the server device to decrypt the message or the file attached to the message, and receive the decrypted message or file from the server device, and the server device includes second processing circuitry configured to generate a private key corresponding to the identification information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical glass having refractive index of 1.55 or more and having chromaticity b* that satisfies b*?4.8 under A light source in a CIELab representation. The present invention also relates to an optical glass having refractive index of 1.55 or more, having a ratio (b*/|a*|) of chromaticity b* to an absolute value of chromaticity a* that satisfies b*|a*|?0.55 under A light source in a CIELab representation, and satisfying b*?0.1.

Abstract: A satisfaction level calculation device (10) acquires environmental data detected by each of a plurality of environment sensors (20). The satisfaction level calculation device (10) sets each of a plurality of indexes about a space environment as a target index. The satisfaction level calculation device (10) calculates, from the environmental data acquired by measuring the target index, an individual satisfaction level, which is a satisfaction level of the target index. The satisfaction level calculation device (10) calculates, from the individual satisfaction level about each of the plurality of indexes, an overall satisfaction level, which is an overall satisfaction level about the space environment.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for measuring free residual chlorine concentration that is accurate and simple, which can obtain objective measurement results without using any harmful reagents, and without being affected by the potential window.

Abstract: In a video display apparatus, a backlight for illuminating a liquid crystal panel is segmented into a plurality of areas. A frequency distribution processing unit calculates a dark pixel amount from the frequency distribution of the gradation values of pixels in a video image. A backlight control unit calculates a lower limit of luminance in each area included in the backlight so that the lower limit increases as the dark pixel amount becomes smaller. The backlight control unit adjusts the luminance in each area individually according to the gradation values in each portion of the video image, and adjusts the luminance in an area where the luminance is less than the lower limit to the lower limit. The difference in luminance between the areas illuminating dark portions of the video image is decreased, and the occurrence of luminance blur resulting from the difference in luminance between the areas is reduced.

Abstract: In a video display apparatus, a backlight for illuminating a liquid crystal panel is segmented into a plurality of areas. A frequency distribution processing unit calculates a dark pixel amount from the frequency distribution of the gradation values of pixels in a video image. A backlight control unit calculates a lower limit of luminance in each area included in the backlight so that the lower limit increases as the dark pixel amount becomes smaller. The backlight control unit adjusts the luminance in each area individually according to the gradation values in each portion of the video image, and adjusts the luminance in an area where the luminance is less than the lower limit to the lower limit. The difference in luminance between the areas illuminating dark portions of the video image is decreased, and the occurrence of luminance blur resulting from the difference in luminance between the areas is reduced.

Abstract: An objective lens unit used for an optical pickup device is made up of a plurality of lenses and has a numerical aperture (NA) not less than 0.7. The lenses (1) and (2) are secured within a cylindrically-shaped lens holder (3). The position of the lens(es) (2) other than one of the lenses secured within the lens holder is set with the position of the one lens (1) as reference.

Abstract: An objective lens unit manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an objective lens unit, with a numerical aperture not less than 0.7, made up by a plurality of lenses, includes a positioning mechanism (31) for positioning one lens (2) in a cylindrically-shaped lens holder (3) of a synthetic resin material, using another lens (1), already mounted and secured to the lens holder, as a reference, and for securing the one lens to the lens holder, for setting relative positions of the one and the other lenses.

Abstract: An objective lens unit manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an objective lens unit, with a numerical aperture not less than 0.7, made up by a plurality of lenses, includes a positioning mechanism (31) for positioning one lens (2) in a cylindrically-shaped lens holder (3) of a synthetic resin material, using another lens (1), already mounted and secured to the lens holder, as a reference, and for securing the one lens to the lens holder, for setting relative positions of the one and the other lenses.

Abstract: An objective lens unit manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an objective lens unit, with a numerical aperture not less than 0.7, made up by a plurality of lenses, includes a positioning mechanism (31) for positioning one lens (2) in a cylindrically-shaped lens holder (3) of a synthetic resin material, using another lens (1), already mounted and secured to the lens holder, as a reference, and for securing the one lens to the lens holder, for setting relative positions of the one and the other lenses.

Abstract: An objective lens unit used for an optical pickup device is made up of a plurality of lenses and has a numerical aperture (NA) not less than 0.7. The lenses (1) and (2) are secured within a cylindrically-shaped lens holder (3). The position of the lens(es) (2) other than one of the lenses secured within the lens holder is set with the position of the one lens (1) as reference.

Abstract: There are provided a printing method and an ink jet printer which are capable of attaining the energy saving and reduced installation space as well as implementing high speed printing, and a tape cartridge for use with the ink jet printer. Printing is sequentially carried out on a printing tape having a printing area whose width is sufficiently larger than a length of nozzle arrays of an ink jet head, along the width of the printing tape by the nozzle arrays extending in the direction of the width of the printing tape. The printing tape is fed such that it is reciprocatingly moved, and at the same time the ink jet head facing the printing tape is intermittently moved in a direction orthogonal to the direction of feed of the printing tape, thereby printing on the printing tape by the ink jet head.

Abstract: There are provided a printing method and an ink jet printer which are capable of attaining the energy saving and reduced installation space as well as implementing high speed printing, and a tape cartridge for use with the ink jet printer. Printing is sequentially carried out on a printing tape having a printing area whose width is sufficiently larger than a length of nozzle arrays of an ink jet head, along the width of the printing tape by the nozzle arrays extending in the direction of the width of the printing tape. The printing tape is fed such that it is reciprocatingly moved, and at the same time the ink jet head facing the printing tape is intermittently moved in a direction orthogonal to the direction of feed of the printing tape, thereby printing on the printing tape by the ink jet head.

Abstract: In an engine starter comprising: a DC electric motor; an output shaft; a pinion unit; a reduction gear unit for transmitting an output of the electric motor to the pinion unit through the output shaft; a solenoid device for axially moving the pinion unit into mesh with a ring gear of the engine; a cover member for surrounding at least the pinion and the reduction gear unit, the cover member having an opening facing the electric motor; a substantially cylindrical member for surrounding the electric motor so as to serve as a yoke for the electric motor; a disk-shaped plate for covering an end of the electric motor facing away from the pinion unit; and an annular separator disposed between the reduction gear unit and the electric motor so as to separate them from each other, the disk-shaped plate is provided with at least one axial protrusions for engaging an inner surface of one end portion of the substantially cylindrical member so as to align the disk-shaped plate and the substantially cylindrical member with

Abstract: In an engine starter, to facilitate the assembling of a solenoid assembly, an annular outer peripheral wall is formed in the casing for receiving the energization solenoid assembly and to secure the solenoid assembly by crimping a free end of the annular outer peripheral wall onto an axial end of the solenoid assembly, and the energization solenoid assembly is fitted into the bore defined by the annular outer peripheral wall by engaging the outer periphery of the solenoid assembly with three fingers of an assembly tool. A plurality of crimping portions are defined by a plurality of recesses provided along the circumferential direction of the free end of the annular outer peripheral wall so that the fingers of an assembling tool when inserting the solenoid assembly are not interfered by the annular outer peripheral wall.

Abstract: In an engine starter according to the present invention, an annular stopper disposed between the pinion unit and the solenoid device so as to determine the rest position of the pinion unit is formed with a tongue projecting radially outwardly from its outer periphery, and a shoulder surface defined in the gear cover so as to abut an end surface of the solenoid device and thereby determine the axial position of the solenoid device is formed with a recess for receiving the tongue of the annular stopper, with the tongue and the recess being dimensioned with respect to each other so as to allow the tongue to be resiliently interposed between the recessed part of the shoulder surface and the end surface of the solenoid device and to define a space which accommodates a corresponding deformation of the tongue.

Abstract: In an engine starter including a solenoid device for actuating a switch for the electric motor and to drive the pinion into mesh with the ring gear of an internal combustion engine, the solenoid device includes an armature outer member which moves in the direction to push out the pinion against the spring force of a first return spring in the energized state of the solenoid device, and an armature inner member which is resiliently urged by a second return spring, and is telescopically disposed with respect to the armature outer member with a coil spring interposed coaxially between them. An annular spring retainer is press fitted into the inner bore of the armature outer member to receive a corresponding coil end of the coil spring.

Abstract: In a starter for an internal combustion engine, comprising: a pinion; shift mechanism for moving the pinion into mesh with a ring gear of the engine; a housing for accommodating the pinion and the shift mechanism; an electric motor for rotating the pinion; a substantially cylindrical motor casing for accommodating the electric motor; a contact unit for selectively providing electric power to the electric motor; a brush holder stay disposed between the housing and the motor casing, the brush holder stay having a cavity opened toward the motor casing and the contact unit being mounted in the cavity; and a cover for covering the cavity of the brush holder stay, the cover is made of a flexible member so that the cover is naturally curved, and the cover is disposed between the brush holder stay and the motor casing with its concave surface facing the brush holder stay so that the cover is pushed toward the brush holder stay by an axial end of the motor casing.

Abstract: In an electric motor comprising a plurality of permanent magnets (46) surrounding a motor armature (52) for supplying field flux to the armature, a cylindrical magnet cover (47) is fitted into an inner circumferential surface defined by the permanent magnets to protect the permanent magnets against chipping and other damages. The magnet cover is further provided with a radial flange (47b) having guide holes (47c) formed therein so that set bolts (48) passed axially inside the motor casings may be favorably guided as they are inserted from one axial end of the motor casing to the other. Preferably, to better guide the bolts, the guide holes may be each provided with a cylindrical guide boss (50, 51) which may be formed either by burring or cutting and lifting a part of the material of the flange.