Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display device which comprises a liquid crystal material aligned between a pair of substrates each having an oriented layer, characterized in that the following conditions (a) to (d) are satisfied:(a) the twisted angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal material aligned between the above pair of substrates is 200.degree. to 300.degree.;(b) the angle created between the director direction of the liquid crystal molecule contacting at least one of the oriented layer surfaces of the above oriented layers and the substrate surface having the oriented layer is not less than 5.degree.;(c) the following relationship formula (1) is valid between the spontaneous twisting pitch Ps of the liquid crystal molecule and the compulsively twisted pitch Pc of the liquid molecule when the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is compulsorily regulated by the oriented layers:0<(Pc-PS)/Pc.ltoreq.0.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display device which comprises liquid crystal materials aligned between a pair of substrates each having an alignment layer, respectively, characterized in that the following conditions (a) to (c) are satisfied:(a) the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules aligned between the above pair of substrates is 200.degree. to 300.degree.;(b) the following relationship formula (1) is valid between the spontaneous twist pitch Ps of the liquid crystal molecules and the regulated twist pitch Pc of the liquid crystal molecules when the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is compulsorily regulated by the alignment layers:0.ltoreq.(Pc-Ps)/Pc.ltoreq.0.3 (1); and(c) the following relationship formula (2) is valid between the splay elastic constant k.sub.11 and the bend elastic constant k.sub.33 of the above liquid crystal materials:0.9<k.sub.33 k.sub.11 <1.5 (2).

Abstract: Disclosed are an active matrix element and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein two first electrode layers are formed on a substrate, semiconductor thin films are formed on regions including the two first electrode layers, respectively, a second electrode layer is formed on the semiconductor thin layers and constituting Schottky barriers between the semiconductor layers and the second electrode layer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an alignment layer on a substrate of a liquid crystal display device which includes aligning the center line of the substrate such that it lies substantially along a line that passes through the center of and perpendicular to a linear source. The substrate is then rotated about its center line to a desired angle, and the source material is vacuum deposited onto the substrate.

Abstract: The combination of an optical information recording and reproducing medium and a container for storing said optical information recording and reproducing medium, at least one of said optical information recording and reproducing medium and said container comprising a fungicide wherein said fungicide is in a layer selected from the group consisting of a layer comprising fine metal particles dispersed in a hydrophilic colloid dispersion medium; a layer comprising a metal or an alloy formed by a vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method; and a layer comprising a coloring substance or consisting essentially of a polymeric substance. The invention also provides said medium when it contains a fungicide and a method for making the claimed combination and components thereof.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium for recording and reproducing information by way of applying high density energy beams to a reflective recording layer on a support, said recording layer comprising a hydrophilic colloid; a compound capable of producing a water-insoluble copper complex; and reflective fine particles consisting essentially of copper. A process for manufacturing said optical information recording medium is also provided.