Abstract: There is provided a pit initiation evaluation system or the like capable of predicting pit initiation effectively and at low cost. In a pit initiation evaluation system of an embodiment, a pit initiation evaluation unit creates and retains, based on a dry-wet alternate time data, a deposit impurity concentration data, and a pit initiation data on pitting corrosion initiated in each of a plurality of turbine stages when an operation is actually performed in the steam turbine, a pit initiation evaluation table presenting a relationship between a dry-wet alternate time, a deposit impurity concentration, and pit initiation. Further, the pit initiation evaluation unit is configured to evaluate, by using the pit initiation evaluation table, pitting corrosion to be initiated in each of the plurality of turbine stages in an operation planned for the steam turbine.

Abstract: A deburring tool includes upper and lower ball holding members opposing each other, and upper and lower balls that are rotatably supported by the respective upper and lower ball holding members and that project so as to confront opposing surfaces of the respective lower and upper ball holding members. When a thermally cut portion of sheet material is held between the upper and lower balls, by moving the sheet material along the thermally cut portion by a sheet material moving mechanism, a lower surface edge portion along the thermally cut portion of the sheet material is pressed upward by the lower ball.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes a focus detector, an object detector, a selector, a divider, and a controller. The focus detector is configured to detect a plurality of focus adjusting states at focus detecting positions in an image plane of an optical system. The object detector is configured to detect image information corresponding to a specified object in an image of the optical system. The selector is configured to select focus adjusting states among the plurality of focus adjusting states based on the image information detected by the object detector. The divider is configured to find variation in the selected focus adjusting states and configured to divide the selected focus adjusting states into a plurality of groups based on the variation. The controller is configured to find a final focus adjusting state based on a pre-final focus adjusting state in a group selected from the plurality of groups.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes: a focus detection unit that includes a pair of light-receiving element arrays and lens systems via which a pair of focus detection light fluxes are each guided to one of the pair of light-receiving element arrays, and detects an image shift amount based upon output signals output from the pair of light-receiving element arrays; an acquisition unit that obtains a plurality of sets of opening data pertaining to sizes and positions of a plurality of openings; a function value calculation unit that calculates, based upon the plurality of sets of opening data, a function value pertaining to a gravitational center distance between gravitational centers of a pair of overlapping areas where a pair of specific focus detection pupils overlap an exit pupil; and a conversion unit that converts the image shift amount to a defocus amount based upon the function value.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes: a defocus information detection unit that detects phase difference information indicating a phase difference manifested by a pair of images formed with a pair of light fluxes having passed through different areas of a photographic optical system and detects defocus information based upon the phase difference information; and a correction unit that executes correction for correcting the defocus information, detected by the defocus information detection unit, in correspondence to a predetermined direction extending between a first direction that orthogonally intersects an optical axis of the photographic optical system and radially extends from the optical axis and a second direction that orthogonally intersects the first direction.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes: a defocus information detection unit that detects phase difference information indicating a phase difference manifested by a pair of images formed with a pair of light fluxes having passed through different areas of a photographic optical system and detects defocus information based upon the phase difference information; and a correction unit that executes correction for correcting the defocus information, detected by the defocus information detection unit, in correspondence to a predetermined direction extending between a first direction that orthogonally intersects an optical axis of the photographic optical system and radially extends from the optical axis and a second direction that orthogonally intersects the first direction.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes: a focus detection unit that includes a pair of light-receiving element arrays and lens systems via which a pair of focus detection light fluxes are each guided to one of the pair of light-receiving element arrays, and detects an image shift amount based upon output signals output from the pair of light-receiving element arrays; an acquisition unit that obtains a plurality of sets of opening data pertaining to sizes and positions of a plurality of openings; a function value calculation unit that calculates, based upon the plurality of sets of opening data, a function value pertaining to a gravitational center distance between gravitational centers of a pair of overlapping areas where a pair of specific focus detection pupils overlap an exit pupil; and a conversion unit that converts the image shift amount to a defocus amount based upon the function value.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes a focus detector, an object detector, a selector, a divider, and a controller. The focus detector is configured to detect a plurality of focus adjusting states at focus detecting positions in an image plane of an optical system. The object detector is configured to detect image information corresponding to a specified object in an image of the optical system. The selector is configured to select focus adjusting states among the plurality of focus adjusting states based on the image information detected by the object detector. The divider is configured to find variation in the selected focus adjusting states and configured to divide the selected focus adjusting states into a plurality of groups based on the variation. The controller is configured to find a final focus adjusting state based on a pre-final focus adjusting state in a group selected from the plurality of groups.

Abstract: An auxiliary light projection apparatus used for focus detection has a laser beam generating device and a diffraction plate for diffracting a laser light from said laser beam generating device. The diffraction plate has micro lenses regularly arranged in vertical and horizontal directions. The curvature of each micro lens in the vertical direction is different from that in the horizontal direction. The pitch of arrangement of the micro lenses in the vertical direction is different from that in the horizontal direction. In addition, the height of the micro lenses is varied cyclically. The auxiliary light projection apparatus projects a diffraction light pattern of the laser light emergent from the diffraction plate to an object to be photographed, as a pattern used for focus detection.

Abstract: An auxiliary light projection apparatus used for focus detection has a laser beam generating device and a diffraction plate for diffracting a laser light from said laser beam generating device. The diffraction plate has micro lenses regularly arranged in vertical and horizontal directions. The curvature of each micro lens in the vertical direction is different from that in the horizontal direction. The pitch of arrangement of the micro lenses in the vertical direction is different from that in the horizontal direction. In addition, the height of the micro lenses is varied cyclically. The auxiliary light projection apparatus projects a diffraction light pattern of the laser light emergent from the diffraction plate to an object to be photographed, as a pattern used for focus detection.

Abstract: A can lid of the fully-open type has a disk-shaped panel, a score notched endlessly in a surface of the panel along an outer circumferential edge of the panel, for forming an opening in the panel, and a tab fixed to the panel by a rivet. The tab is attached in a direction substantially perpendicular to an initial tear-off line of the score. The surface of the panel which is concealed from view by the tab is printed with a circular mark representing a rolling direction in which the material of the panel has been rolled. The score is defined such that the rolling direction extends substantially at a right angle to the initial tear-off line of the score. The panel has an auxiliary score defined in the surface thereof near the rivet and positioned across the rivet from the initial tear-off line substantially parallel to the initial tear-off line and separate therefrom.

Abstract: An optical-use adhesive film comprises a base film of the optical-use adhesive film is a biaxially oriented polyester film having a thickness equal to or more than 50 &mgr;m, and an adhesive polymer layer laminated on at least one surface of the base film. Refractive indexes of the base film in longitudinal and transverse directions are both in the range of from 1.55 to 1.70 and refractive indexes of the adhesive layer and the base film satisfies the following formula (1): (Nx−Nc)2+(Ny−Nc)2≦0.0300  (1), wherein Nx and Ny respectively indicate refractive indexes in longitudinal and transverse directions of a base film and Nc is a refractive index of an adhesive layer.

Abstract: An LCD illuminating device is equipped with a light guide device for guiding light from LEDs for illumination to a display panel, and illuminates segments on the display panel when a subject image is dark. The light guide device comprises a light guide with reflecting surfaces of which are parabolic in shape. The LEDs are located substantially at focal points of the parabolic reflecting surfaces so that the segment in a diffusing state on the display panel can be illuminated in a bright and uniform manner.

Abstract: To perform accurate focus detection using a wide range of injected luminous flux from a photographic lens, a deflecting plate, which deflects the injected luminous flux of the photographic optical system in the vertical direction with respect to the direction of a pair of entrance pupils of a focus detecting optical system, is provided at, or near, a predetermined image forming plane of the photographic optical system. By this structure, the entrance pupils of the focus detecting optical system can be spread in a direction vertical to the focus detecting direction, and the focus detecting accuracy can be improved by using a wider range of the injected luminous flux of the focus detecting optical system.

Abstract: A focus setting system for a camera in which a photographer can observe a focused subject image in a viewfinder and which corrects the focus prior to exposure such that a photographed picture is in focus. Specifically, the focusing system corrects for errors introduced by varying apertures. The focusing system has a photographic lens which has a memory for storing focus error data which represents focusing adjustment values from an open aperture to a number of predetermined apertures. A focus detection device detects a focused state of the photographic lens using a portion of the incident light rays of the photographic lens. A first drive unit drives the photographic lens by calculating a focus drive amount which achieves focus at open aperture. The focus drive amount is calculated from the focus error data and the focus state detected by the focus detection device.

Abstract: An optical device, such as a camera, which includes an image blur suppression optical system to optically prevent image blur of a photographic image on an image plane of the optical device by changes in at least a portion of a photographic optical system. An image blur suppression drive unit drives the image blur suppression optical system, and a suppression position detection unit detects changes in the position of the image blur suppression optical system during the time of the image blur suppression. A lens prime and a memory unit generates constants indicative of optical conditions in the optical device which correspond to changes in the position of the image blur suppression optical system.

Abstract: A photometric device, used in an optical apparatus such as a camera, which includes photometric elements to measure photometric values according to plural regions of a subject field, and corrects the photometric values of photometric elements corresponding to specific regions within the plural regions based on the photometric values of regions outside the specific region and on previously set correction coefficients according to each region. The location of the specific regions on the subject field may be adjusted either manually or automatically based upon a focus adjustment state of a focus detection unit.

Abstract: A camera having focus detection capability which decides whether or not focus detection is possible. The camera is capable of accommodating interchangeable lenses, and determines whether focus detection is possible for an optional combination of interchangeable lens and camera based upon characteristic data for the interchangeable lens and characteristic data for a focus detection device. The characteristic data for the interchangeable lens is data representing an exit beam for an optional image height which is stored in a lens memory. The data representing the exit beam may be the position and size of plural circular apertures for the interchangeable lens. The characteristic data for the focus detection device is stored in a camera body memory and represents a position and shape of a rangefinder image point. When focus detection is possible, a photographic lens is driven according to the focus detection result.

Abstract: A surface-treating apparatus for can body blanks includes a cutter for cutting an original sheet into can body blank materials having a predetermined width and capable of being divided into plural can body blanks, a conveying path for conveying the can body blank materials, a material-feeding device for intermittently feeding the blank material to the conveying path, and a heater for heating the blank material. First and second film-feeding devices are provided for respectively feeding a printed biaxially-stretched polyester film and a plain polyester film to both sides of the blank material along its conveying direction. First and second press-bonding devices will respectively successively press-bond under heat both films to both sides of the blank material and coupling the blank materials into a continuous form while defining metal-exposed areas for welding parts at both side edges of both surfaces of the blank materials.

Abstract: A tinned steel sheet having a tin deposit obtained by evenly plating tin on the surface of a base steel sheet at a deposition rate of 0.5-1.7 g/m.sup.2 is used as a surface-treated steel sheet for forming a can body. A biaxially oriented polyester film having a thickness of 5-50 .mu.m is caused to adhere to the surface-treated steel sheet with a thermosetting resin adhesive at a temperature of 180.degree.-225.degree. C. as a protective coat. The tinned steel sheet has, on its both ends, two layers of a tin-iron alloy layer having a deposition rate of 0.35-1.60 g/m.sup.2 in terms of tin content and a tin layer having a tin deposition rate of 0.10-1.35 g/m.sup.2 at a stage after the adhesion of the polyester film but before welding. Said both ends of the surface-treated steel sheet are welded to each other, and another protective coat is applied to a portion of the inner surface, which is not covered with the first-mentioned protective coat, thereby forming a welded can.