Abstract: A material decomposition apparatus for performing decomposition of a material in an object. The apparatus includes a data storage section for storing correction data preliminarily generated by decomposing one of three or more materials into the other two materials, a data input section to which radiation data of the object is inputted, the radiation data being divided into a plurality of energy levels, and a decomposition processing section for repeatedly performing two-material decomposition for decomposition of the other two materials of the three or more materials using the radiation data at different energy levels and the correction data to perform decomposition of the inside of the object into the three or more materials.

Abstract: An antenna device includes: a plurality of antenna elements for a plurality of communication systems; a housing that houses the plurality of antenna elements; and a digital signal processing circuit connected to one of the plurality of antenna elements and configured to perform a demodulation process to demodulate an analog signal received by the one of the plurality of antenna elements to obtain a digital signal, or/and a modulation process to modulate a digital signal to an analog signal and output the modulated analog signal to the one of the plurality of antenna elements. At least one of the plurality of antenna elements communicates with outside of the antenna device by an analog signal on a signal line connected to the at least one of the plurality of antenna elements.

Abstract: In an emergency report apparatus, diagnostic data is modulated based on a preselected diagnostic modulation method by using a diagnostic carrier wave having a carrier wave frequency that is set within a range of frequencies detectable by a vehicle-mounted voice input instrument and is outside a voice band. A diagnostic electric signal is outputted to a voice output instrument. Demodulated data is generated by demodulating an input voice electric signal being a voice electric signal representing a voice detected by the voice input instrument based on a preselected diagnostic demodulation method. It is determines whether the demodulated data includes data that matches the diagnostic data.

Abstract: In an emergency report apparatus, diagnostic data is modulated based on a preselected diagnostic modulation method by using a diagnostic carrier wave having a carrier wave frequency that is set within a range of frequencies detectable by a vehicle-mounted voice input instrument and is outside a voice band. A diagnostic electric signal is outputted to a voice output instrument. Demodulated data is generated by demodulating an input voice electric signal being a voice electric signal representing a voice detected by the voice input instrument based on a preselected diagnostic demodulation method. It is determines whether the demodulated data includes data that matches the diagnostic data.

Abstract: A rewrite apparatus calculates a risk of destruction of data due to data retention in each file. It is determined whether a refresh start condition is satisfied. The refresh start condition is provided in accordance with the calculated risk. When the refresh start condition is satisfied, it is determined that the possibility to completely execute the refresh is high. The refresh is thereby executed. The rewrite apparatus can thus reduce the possibility to interrupt the refresh of the data stored in the storage medium such as a flash memory.

Abstract: A rewrite apparatus calculates a risk of destruction of data due to data retention in each file. It is determined whether a refresh start condition is satisfied. The refresh start condition is provided in accordance with the calculated risk. When the refresh start condition is satisfied, it is determined that the possibility to completely execute the refresh is high. The refresh is thereby executed. The rewrite apparatus can thus reduce the possibility to interrupt the refresh of the data stored in the storage medium such as a flash memory.

Abstract: A heat dissipation control apparatus includes a vehicle condition detection device for detecting an operating condition of a vehicle, an occupant detection device for detecting whether an occupant is in the vehicle, a temperature detection device for detecting a temperature of a data recoding unit mounted on the vehicle, a heat dissipation device for dissipating heat from the data recording unit, and a control device for controlling the heat dissipation device in accordance with the detected temperature of the data recoding unit, when the vehicle is in a stopped condition, the data recoding unit is in operation, and no occupant is in the vehicle.

Abstract: The invention provides a resin molded article and a mold for manufacturing the same, which can be entirely formed of resin by molding and no parting line occurs on a seal member support portion, wherein the shaft portion is formed by injection molding and a parting line is provided on the seal member except on the seal member support portion.

Abstract: An improved tool holding apparatus includes a collet chuck or a steel ball chuck that clamps a pull bolt, which defines the forward end portion of a tool, by resilient force applied thereto from a coned disc spring. The tool holding apparatus further includes a temporary clamping device which is buried in a sleeve to temporarily clamp the pull bolt. A clamping force applied by the temporary clamping device is set at such a level that an arm can draw the tool from a main spindle by gripping the rear end portion of the tool.

Abstract: An anode system for plasma heating usable in the tundish of a continuous casting apparatus, which is economical and simple in structure and can enjoy a long service life, and comprises a dam member provided on the bottom surface of a tundish near and along a side wall or an over-flow wall of the tundish to form a space or gap therebetween, an electrical conductive member with its end portion exposed to the space or gap and the other end electrically connected to a power source, said dam member having a height higher than a level of molten metal remaining after the pouring of the molten metal from the tundish, but lower than a minimum level of molten metal normally contained in the tundish.

Abstract: A dual line ceramic glow plug uses a ceramic heater as an incandescent body which protrudes from the bottom of a metal fitting and which is made of an incandescent wire of a refractory metal embedded in a sintered ceramic powder. The bare ends of the incandescent wire terminate in a pair of metal terminal fittings secured to the end of the ceramic heater within the metal fitting. Electrical leads protruding from the terminal fittings are welded to a pair of terminal electrodes projecting outwardly from the top of the metal fitting. The ceramic heater is held in position by a metal sheath that is slipped over and bonded to the middle portion of said heater. The middle portion of the ceramic heater is brazed to the inner surface of the metal sheath in electrically insulated relation thereto with an intervening glass layer formed on the outer surface of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: A ceramic glow plug includes an unjacketed ceramic heater formed by a coiled heating wire of a high melting point tungsten alloy having a specific resistance of at least 10 .mu. ohms/cm.sup.3 embedded within a sintered ceramic body. The ceramic body has a diameter D of not more than 4.0 mm and is fitted into a hollow metallic cylinder with a tip portion thereof projecting less than three times its diameter D beyond a first axial end of the cylinder. The other end of the metallic cylinder is fitted into a mounting sleeve. The coiled portion of the heating wire is disposed substantially entirely within the projecting tip portion of the ceramic body. A resistor of iron or nickel wire may be positioned in the sleeve and connected in series with the heating wire for inhibiting overheating of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: A method of making a ceramic heater by preparing a heating coil having a circular cross-section and bending it into a U-shaped form. Lead wires are connected to the ends of the U-shaped coil; the coil is embedded in a ceramic powder to form a preform having a substantially rectangular cross-section. The preform is compacted under heat to reduce the length of the rectangular cross-section and deform the coil embedded therein into a coil having an oval cross-section. The preform is sintered to form a ceramic product having a substantially circular cross-section and then ground to form a product having a circular cross-section.

Abstract: Electric currents are applied to parallel-connected glow plugs for preheating, to serial-connected glow plugs for running, and to intermittently reconnected parallel/serial glow plugs for cranking.

Abstract: A rapid heating self-control type glow plug used for starting a Diesel engine, particularly, such a glow plug which is also used for regulating the cylinder or auxiliary combustion chamber temperature following starting and during normal operations of the engine. A resistor wire is connected in series with a heating wire embedded in a ceramic body. The heating wire is formed of a tungsten alloy having a temperature resistance coefficient at 1000.degree. C. no greater than 4 times that at room temperature, while the resistor has a positive temperature resistance coefficient at 1000.degree. C. no less than 5 times that at room temperature. Preferably, the tungsten alloy consists of tungsten and at least one of rhenium, cobalt, thorium, molybdenum and zirconium, with rhenium in an amount of 2 to 50 wt % being preferred, and rhenium in an amount of 10 to 30 wt % being the most preferable. The resistor is preferably a wire made of at least one of nickel, tungsten, molybdenum and iron.

Abstract: A ceramic heater including a ceramic insulator having a circular cross section, and a heating coil having an oval cross section, embedded in the insulator along the length thereof, and bent in a U-shaped form with the bend adjacent one end of the insulator. One of a pair of parallel coil portions defining the U-shaped coil has a long cross sectional diameter lying parallel to that of the other coil portion. The diameter of a cylinder defined by the outer surfaces of the coil portions and the outside diameter of the insulator have a ratio of 35:100 to 70:100.