Abstract: A brake lining for a railroad car brake includes friction members which are pressed onto the sliding surface of a brake disc, and a back plate which is attached to a brake caliper in order to support the friction members. The friction members are dividedly arranged in a radial direction and in a circumferential direction of the brake disc. A disc spring is disposed between each respective friction member and the back plate. An outer peripheral surface of the friction members facing the back plate is formed in a convex curved shape in an area outside the elastic member. When a light pressing force is applied, a pressing force is transmitted from the back plate to the friction members via the disc springs. When a heavy pressing force is applied, the back plate and a rounded surface portion make contact, thereby directly transmitting a pressing force to the friction members.

Abstract: A brake lining for a railroad car brake includes friction members which are pressed onto the sliding surface of a brake disc, and a back plate which is attached to a brake caliper in order to support the friction members. The friction members are dividedly arranged in a radial direction and in a circumferential direction of the brake disc. A disc spring is disposed between each respective friction member and the back plate. An outer peripheral surface of the friction members facing the back plate is formed in a convex curved shape in an area outside the elastic member. When a light pressing force is applied, a pressing force is transmitted from the back plate to the friction members via the disc springs. When a heavy pressing force is applied, the back plate and a rounded surface portion make contact, thereby directly transmitting a pressing force to the friction members.

Abstract: An eddy current braking apparatus according to the invention comprises: a brake disk (2) connected to a rotary shaft (1); a plurality of permanent magnets (7) arranged so that magnetic pole surfaces are opposed to the brake disk (2); and a drive mechanism for moving the permanent magnets (7) toward and away from the brake disk (2). Preferably, it further comprises a guide sleeve (3) supported by a nonrotatable structural section not connected to the rotary shaft (1), which receives a support ring (4) supporting the permanent magnets (7) and is arranged facing to the brake disk (2). Moreover, in the guide sleeve (3), there are provided ferromagnetic members (8) positioned opposite to the brake disk (2). Alternatively, the whole of said guide sleeve (3) including an end face opposed to said permanent magnets (7) is constructed of nonmagnetic material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rolling a strip by a rolling mill wherein one back-up roll of the pair of back-up rolls is a variable crown roll having a single oil chamber and the other back-up roll is a variable crown roll having a plurality of oil chambers. The strip shape is detected by a shape meter and approximated by a power function which includes terms of the first, second, fourth, and sixth powers of a distance measured from the center in the width direction and then precisely controlled by a calculation and control unit based on the obtained power function.