Abstract: The present invention provides a brake control apparatus capable of preventing or reducing excessive opening of a pressure regulating valve, which otherwise might be caused by pump pulsation, without leading to an increase in the size of the apparatus. The brake control apparatus alternately supplies power corresponding to a predetermined current value for acquiring a target wheel cylinder hydraulic pressure and power corresponding to a larger current value than this predetermined current value to a solenoid of a gate-out valve 3.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control apparatus has an electromagnetic valve having a valve body forced to one side by an elastic member and a coil driving the valve body to the other side; a hydraulic pressure control section for calculating a command current value to drive the electromagnetic valve and controlling a hydraulic pressure in a hydraulic circuit by opening/closing the electromagnetic valve; a current detection section detecting a value of the current passing through the coil; and a command current value correction section. The command current value correction section detects a change of an inductance of the coil when the valve body moves from the one side to the other side or from the other side to the one side through the current detection section, and corrects the command current value using the detected inductance change.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus includes a normally-open pressure-buildup control valve disposed between a master cylinder and each wheel-brake cylinder, a reservoir into which the brake fluid in each of the wheel-brake cylinders flows during an anti-brake skid pressure-reduction control mode, and a pressure-reduction control valve disposed between each of the wheel-brake cylinders and the reservoir. Also provided is a fluid-pressure controller configured to bring the pressure-buildup control valve to a non-controlled state and simultaneously bring the pressure-reduction control valve to a controlled state, when flowing and storing the brake fluid, flown out of the master cylinder due to a driver's brake-pedal operation, into the reservoir and when flowing and storing the brake fluid in each of the wheel-brake cylinders into the reservoir, during braking with an electric-regenerative braking system brought to an operative state.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus includes: a master cylinder; a wheel cylinder; a hydraulic pressure source; a control valve arranged to increase or reduce the pressure of the wheel cylinder; an outside gate valve arranged to connect or disconnect between the master cylinder and the wheel cylinder; a brake operation sensing section configured to sense a driver's brake operation; and a control unit configured to control the hydraulic pressure source, the control valve, and the outside gate valve, to perform an automatic-brake pressure-increasing control to control the outside gate valve in a valve closing direction, to drive the hydraulic pressure source, and thereby to increase the pressure of the wheel cylinder in accordance with a vehicle condition, and to increase a driving quantity of the hydraulic pressure source when the brake operation is sensed during the automatic-brake pressure-increasing control.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control apparatus has an electromagnetic valve having a valve body forced to one side by an elastic member and a coil driving the valve body to the other side; a hydraulic pressure control section for calculating a command current value to drive the electromagnetic valve and controlling a hydraulic pressure in a hydraulic circuit by opening/closing the electromagnetic valve; a current detection section detecting a value of the current passing through the coil; and a command current value correction section. The command current value correction section detects a change of an inductance of the coil when the valve body moves from the one side to the other side or from the other side to the one side through the current detection section, and corrects the command current value using the detected inductance change.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus includes: a master cylinder; a wheel cylinder; a hydraulic pressure source; a control valve arranged to increase or reduce the pressure of the wheel cylinder; an outside gate valve arranged to connect or disconnect between the master cylinder and the wheel cylinder; a brake operation sensing section configured to sense a driver's brake operation; and a control unit configured to control the hydraulic pressure source, the control valve, and the outside gate valve, to perform an automatic-brake pressure-increasing control to control the outside gate valve in a valve closing direction, to drive the hydraulic pressure source, and thereby to increase the pressure of the wheel cylinder in accordance with a vehicle condition, and to increase a driving quantity of the hydraulic pressure source when the brake operation is sensed during the automatic-brake pressure-increasing control.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for easily and promptly erasing an image (including a character) formed on a printed article, and an apparatus employing such method. A printed article bearing an image formed on a surface including an inorganic pigment is exposed to a reactive gas, generated by creeping discharge or corona discharge induced by a voltage application between a pair of opposed electrodes, whereby the image is erased.

Abstract: Operating a mode change switch changes the mode of a controller to first or third command control mode which is suitable for a work involving a large displacement of a manipulator or a second command control mode suitable for a work requiring precision. When an operation handle of an operation unit is operated, the controller controls the operation unit in each command control mode to drive the manipulator. In a case where a large-displacement-involving work and a precision-requiring work are continuously executed, therefore, the mode of the controller is first changed to the first or third command control mode by operating the mode change switch and then changed to the second command control mode. The manipulator can be driven in the proper command control mode for a work to be done.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling a manipulator employs a control device, first to third detectors, a producing device and a driving device. The first detector detects an operating force/torque generated by the control device and the second detector detects a deflecting amount of the control device from a reference position. The third detector detects an end force applied on an end portion of the manipulator and reaction signals are generated by the producing device. The reaction signal corresponds to a function of the deflecting amount and the end force. A force/torque corresponding to the difference between output signals from the first detector and the producing device are generated by the driving device and applied on the control device.