Abstract: A rotor used in an outer rotor motor includes a rotor holder in a tubular shape extending along a center axis, a rotor core in a tubular shape extending in an axial direction and being fixed to a surface of the rotor holder, directed radially inward, and permanent magnets bonded to an inner circumferential surface of the rotor core and side by side in a circumferential direction. The rotor core includes projection portions projecting radially inward from the inner circumferential surface of the rotor core. One or more of the projection portions are in a gap between the permanent magnets adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. Each of the projection portions has an axial length shorter than an axial length of each of the permanent magnets.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for producing alkadienols comprising the steps of: reacting a conjugated alkadiene with water in a reaction solvent in the presence of a palladium catalyst; distilling the obtained reaction mixture so as to separate the reaction solvent from the reaction mixture while directly supplying heated water, steam or a mixture thereof as a heating medium to a distillation column, under the condition that the temperature of a bottom liquid in the distillation column is not higher than 120.degree. C.; and phase-separating bottoms discharged from the bottom of the distillation column.

Abstract: A method for producing allyl alcohols, which comprises heat-treating diallyl ethers in the presence of a catalyst containing a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound to convert them to allyl alcohols, wherein the heat treatment is conducted under such conversion reaction conditions that the value of function F represented by the following formula is within a range of 0.ltoreq.F<100, the concentration of allyl alcohols in the conversion reaction solution is not higher than 20 wt %, and the Pd concentration in the conversion reaction solution is within a range of from 0.005 to 1.0 wt %:F=.theta.t.multidot.[Pd].multidot.(t-100wherein .theta.t is the conversion reaction time (hours), [Pd] is the Pd concentration (wt %) in the conversion reaction solution, and T is the conversion reaction temperature (.degree.C.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing alkadienols, which comprises subjecting a conjugated alkadiene and water to a hydration dimerization reaction in a continuous type reactor in the presence of carbon dioxide and a catalyst comprising a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound, wherein a hydrophobic phosphorus compound is used as the phosphorus compound, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amine while maintaining the concentration of the conjugated alkadiene in the reaction solution in the reactor within a range of from 0.5 to 4.5 wt %.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for producing alkadienols comprising the steps of: reacting a conjugated alkadiene with water in a reaction solvent in the presence of a palladium catalyst; distilling the obtained reaction mixture so as to separate the reaction solvent from the reaction mixture while directly supplying heated water, steam or a mixture thereof as a heating medium to a distillation column, under the condition that the temperature of a bottom liquid in the distillation column is not higher than 120.degree. C.; and phase-separating bottoms discharged from the bottom of the distillation column.

Abstract: A process for producing a lactone by reacting in a hydrogenation reaction zone a dicarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid anhydride and/or a dicarboxylic acid ester with hydrogen in a liquid phase using a solvent in the presence of a catalyst comprising ruthenium and an organic phosphine, which process comprises the following steps (1) to (6):(1) a first step of recovering the liquid phase from the hydrogenation reaction zone,(2) a second step of distilling the liquid phase in a first distillation column to obtain a first distillate and a first residue,(3) a third step of recycling the first residue to the hydrogenation reaction zone,(4) a fourth step of distilling a part of the first residue in a second distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue,(5) a fifth step of recycling the second distillate to the hydrogenation reaction zone or the first distillation column, and(6) a sixth step of recovering a lactone from the first distillate.