Abstract: A heat exchanger including plate fins stacked at respective intervals relative to one another, and heat exchanger tubes penetrating the fins in. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between first and second fluids flowing, respectively, inside and outside the heat exchanger tubes. Each of the fins includes a substantially planar main body and cut-raised portions extending from the main body and disposed at an upstream side of flow of the second fluid. Each of the cut-raised portions corresponds to a respective heat exchanger tube and includes first and second opposed side ends connected to the main body of the fin. The first side end is nearer to the corresponding heat exchanger tube than is the second side end, the first side end is longer than the second side end, and the first side end is disposed at a downstream side of the flow of the second fluid, facing the corresponding heat exchanger tube.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including plate fins stacked at respective intervals relative to one another, and heat exchanger tubes penetrating the fins in. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between first and second fluids flowing, respectively, inside and outside the heat exchanger tubes. Each of the fins includes a substantially planar main body and cut-raised portions extending from the main body and disposed at an upstream side of flow of the second fluid. Each of the cut-raised portions corresponds to a respective heat exchanger tube and includes first and second opposed side ends connected to the main body of the fin. The first side end is nearer to the corresponding heat exchanger tube than is the second side end, the first side end is longer than the second side end, and the first side end is disposed at a downstream side of the flow of the second fluid, facing the corresponding heat exchanger tube.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including plate fins and, the tubes fins being stacked at respective intervals relative to one another, and heat exchanger tubes penetrating the fins in a fin-stacking direction. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between fluids flowing, respectively, inside and outside the heat exchanger tubes, through the heat exchanger tubes and the fins. Each of the fins includes cut-raised portions with a bridge shape having leg and beam segments. The cut-raised portions associated with each of the heat exchanger tubes are located substantially only in a region of the fin satisfying Ws=(1??)Dp+?D ?>0.5, where Ws is spread width of the cut-raised portions in a direction (column direction) extending along an end of the fin on the upstream side of the second fluid, and D is outer diameter of the heat exchanger tube. Dp is alignment pitch of the heat exchanger tubes in the column direction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including plate fins and, the tubes fins being stacked at respective intervals relative to one another, and heat exchanger tubes penetrating the fins in a fin-stacking direction. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between fluids flowing, respectively, inside and outside the heat exchanger tubes, through the heat exchanger tubes and the fins. Each of the fins includes cut-raised portions with a bridge shape having leg and beam segments. The cut-raised portions associated with each of the heat exchanger tubes are located substantially only in a region of the fin satisfying Ws=(1??)Dp+?D ?>0.5, where Ws is spread width of the cut-raised portions in a direction (column direction) extending along an end of the fin on the upstream side of the second fluid, and D is outer diameter of the heat exchanger tube. Dp is alignment pitch of the heat exchanger tubes in the column direction.

Abstract: A tube expanding apparatus includes mandrels, each mandrel having a billet on a leading end; a reciprocating actuator for supporting rear ends of the mandrels, the reciprocating actuator being supported to reciprocate in an axial direction of hairpin tube straight portions; a pressure cylinder for raising and lowering the reciprocating actuator and expanding the straight portions by pressing the billets into the hairpin tube straight portions; hairpin receivers for supporting curved portions of hairpin tubes; a fin receiver for supporting a lower end portion of the laminated radiating fins; and a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the fin receiver in the axial direction of the hairpin tube straight portions. The hydraulic cylinder lowers the fin receiver to a predetermined position as the mandrels descend and the billets begin to be inserted into the hairpin tubes.

Abstract: A tube expanding apparatus includes mandrels each having a billet on a leading end; a reciprocating actuator for supporting rear ends of the mandrels, the reciprocating actuator being supported so as to be able to reciprocate in an axial direction of hairpin tube straight portions; a pressure cylinder for raising and lowering this reciprocating actuator and expanding the straight portions by pressing the billets into the hairpin tube straight portions; hairpin receivers for supporting curved portions of hairpin tubes; a fin receiver for supporting a lower end portion of the plurality of laminated radiating fins; and a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the fin receiver in the axial direction of the hairpin tube straight portions. The hydraulic cylinder lowers the fin receiver to a predetermined position as the mandrels descend and the billets begin to be inserted into the hairpin tubes.

Abstract: In case of a conventional battery having a laminated sheet material as a battery case for storing a battery body, the metal foil on the laminated sheet does not contact to either a positive electrode or a negative electrode and electric potential is unstable. Therefore, there was a problem that it was impossible to obtain electrical shielding effect. In order to maintain the function of the sealed part in the battery case, an extended part extended from the sealed part is disposed at a position where it overlaps with the positive electrode lead or the negative electrode lead, and by jointing the lead and the extended part with the conductive material piercing therethrough, the metal foil on the laminated sheet material of the battery case is electrically connected to the lead to maintain the electric potential of the battery case to the electric potential of the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

Abstract: A battery body, which is composed of a laminated body obtained by laminating a cathode and an anode via a separator or a wound body obtained by winding them in a laminated structure and a plurality of leads connected to the cathode and the anode, is contained in a flexible package, and after an electrolyte solution is injected thereinto, an opening of the package is sealed at pressure which is lower than atmospheric pressure and is reduced to not less than vapor pressure of the electrolyte solution so that a thin battery is fabricated. A rise in pressure in the battery due to generation of gas in the battery and volume expansion of the gas can be restrained when the battery is maintained at high temperature.

Abstract: A battery package including laminate sheets adhered each other along their peripheral to form a container portion for receiving an electrode assembly and a seal portion. The seal portion surrounds the container portion and protrudes outwardly from side faces of the container portion. The seal portion has enough width to maintain the container portion free from moisture for long periods of time. The laminate sheets include a heat-adhesive polymer layer and a metal layer which stops moisture and provides a shape-maintaining ability to the laminar sheets. The seal portion is folded or curled to reduce a projection area of the battery package.

Abstract: In case of a conventional battery having a laminated sheet material as a battery case (1) for storing a battery body, the metal foil on the laminated sheet does not contact to either a positive electrode or a negative electrode and electric potential is unstable. Therefore, there was a problem that it was impossible to obtain electrical shielding effect.

Abstract: A fuel injection system permits the use of hydraulic control oil as a pressure transmitting medium and enables reliable valve opening and closing performance regardless of operating environment. The housing of the fuel injection system is constituted by a valve main body and a cylinder main body, the flowing channel of fuel being airtightly separated from a pressure control chamber. The cylinder main body incorporates a piezoelectric element, which changes the fluid pressure of the pressure transmitting medium in the pressure control chamber, a piston, and a cylinder having an inflow/outflow hole. A needle valve is installed, penetrating the cylinder main body so that the distal end thereof is located in a needle guide cavity of the valve main body and the other end thereof is located in the cylinder.