Abstract: A flash fixing apparatus effectively collect vapor gas produced at the time of fixation while fixing a toner image of medium by means off flashlight. In the flash fixation unit, vapor gas produced in flash fixation flows toward the medium transportation direction. Utilizing this phenomenon, a gas suction face is provided in a gas collector so as to receive the vapor gas flowing toward the medium transportation direction. Otherwise, a gas blast portion is provided at the rear stage of the gas collector. The vapor gas flows to the gas suction face naturally, bringing about improved gas collection efficiency.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprises an ion conductive layer containing an electrochromic polymer that has a bipyridine ion pair structure and a metallocene structure and/or a dihydroxyphenaizine structure. The device has low leakage current and reduced remnant coloration after a long time use.

Abstract: A flash fixing apparatus effectively collect vapor gas produced at the time of fixation while fixing a toner image of medium by means off flashlight. In the flash fixation unit, vapor gas produced in flash fixation flows toward the medium transportation direction. Utilizing this phenomenon, a gas suction face is provided in a gas collector so as to receive the vapor gas flowing toward the medium transportation direction. Otherwise, a gas blast portion is provided at the rear stage of the gas collector. The vapor gas flows to the gas suction face naturally, bringing about improved gas collection efficiency.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprises an ion conductive layer containing an electrochromic polymer that has a bipyridine ion pair structure and a metallocene structure and/or a dihydroxyphenaizine structure. The device has low leakage current and reduced remnant coloration after a long time use.

Abstract: An ion conductive material comprising a mixture of a solvent, a supporting electrolyte, and an ultraviolet absorber and alternatively a polymerizable monomer and having an ion conductivity at 25° C. of 1×10−7 or greater; the ultraviolet absorber being contained in the ion conductive material in such an amount that the transmissivity of electromagnetic rays having a wavelength from 300 to 360 nm and transmitting through an layer of the ion conductive material of 0.2 mm in thickness can be maintained 0.1% or below. The ion conductive material is suitable for use in various electrochromic devices.

Abstract: Upon restarting a printer, current is fed to a charge roller for charging a transfer belt, a drum charger for charging a photosensitive drum and a developing unit for developing a latent image on the photosensitive drum, while prohibiting current feed to an LED head. Then, the transfer belt is caused to abut upon the photosensitive drum, driven in a given direction and cleaned at a downstream side by a belt cleaner.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring rotation quantity of a spherical object. A recording device photographs and records a rotating spherical object from one definite direction as a plurality of stationary circular images at definite intervals. An instrumentation device measures positions of definite two points in each of the recorded stationary circular images. An arithmetic unit calculates rotation quantity of the spherical object on each axis of a three-dimensional coordinate-system on the basis of the positions of the two points in each of the stationary circular images.

Abstract: A static electric charge removal method and apparatus of an image carrier, in which more than two ion generating units are arranged in parallel to each other perpendicular to the static electric charge removal advancing direction of the image carrier. The bias electric field strength between a first ion generating device positioned downstream of the electric charge removal advancing direction and the photosensitive body has a greater value than the bias electric field strength between a second ion generating device positioned upstream of the photosensitive body.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for simultaneously measuring velocity and an instantaneous spatial position of a spherical object. A first group of sensors and a second ground of sensors are arranged at known positions at intervals each less than the radius of the spherical object. The times when the spherical object begins to intercept the sensors of the groups of sensors and the time lengths of the respective interceptions are measured by using an instrumentation device. The velocity and instantaneous spatial position of the spherical object are calculated by using an arithmetic unit on the basis of the measured times and time lengths.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for measuring head speed and an opening angle. At least four sensors are disposed at each vertex of a defined rectangle. An instrumentation device measures differences in time between instants in which a moving head intercepts rays of light toward the sensors, respectively. An arithmetic unit calculates head speed and an opening angle on the basis of the measured time differences.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus suitable especially for double-side printing or double-side copying. A pressure roller for pressing a sheet of paper against an electrostatic latent image retaining body is rotatably provided on the upstream side of a transfer unit. The pressure roller is elastically mounted through a cushion member, thereby preventing transmission of vibration of the pressure roller itself to the paper. As the paper is positively pressed against the retaining body by the pressure roller, the paper can be brought into close contact with the retaining body even when the paper is wrinkled, thus obtaining a good transfer characteristic.

Abstract: A golf ball having a plurality of dimples on a surface thereof characterized in that more than 40% of all dimples are polygonal in shape and have a double slope in section having a straight first slope and a straight second slope continued radially inwardly from the first slope, and the gradient of the first slope of said double slope disposed in the vicinity of a dimple edge is greater than that of the second slope disposed in the vicinity of the bottom thereof.

Abstract: A golf ball having circular dimples and noncircular dimples arranged in different percentages depending on the spherical zones, whereby a favorable aerodynamic property is obtained by eliminating the difference in trajectories between line hitting and face hitting.