Abstract: An environment in which a control device for controlling a controlled object can easily be verified. This verification system includes: a simulator for simulating an operating state of the controlled object; and a dummy device for generating a second signal relating to the controlled object instead of the simulator or the controlled object, in accordance with a first signal provided from a control device capable of controlling the controlled object, and providing the generated second signal to the control device or the simulator. The simulator generates a third signal indicating the simulated operating state of the controlled object on the basis of the second signal provided from the dummy device.

Abstract: To carry out data processing with low load and at necessary timing even if a high performance device is not used, and to carry out precise data communication. A first communication control part 132 converts a plurality of original data to be transmitted, into fixed length data packets by padding, and informs a second communication control part 122 of actual data lengths of these fixed length data packets, by a FIFO memory 146, and also, transmits these fixed length data to the second communication part 122 by DMA, and thereby, a CPU 123 of the second communication control part 122 restores original data from the fixed length data which was transmitted, at short times and with low load, on the basis of actual data lengths.

Abstract: Anhydrous crystals of 4-carbamoyl-1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl imidazolium-5-olate are disclosed. The crystals possess (1) water content of 0.5% by weight or less (the Karl Fisher method), and (2) specific IR spectrum absorption peaks in the neighborhoods of 3580, 1852, 1630, 1575, and 1554 cm.sup.-1. They are stable against heat and high humidity conditions and can easily be manufactured by using ethanol. The compound has superior immuno-suppressing activity and is thus made into preparations for oral administration.