Abstract: Provided is an exhaust device connected to an engine body. The exhaust device includes a plurality of independent exhaust pipes, each of which has a circular cross section, and which are connected to exhaust ports of cylinders of the engine body; and a mixing pipe having a circular cross section, connected to downstream ends of the independent exhaust pipes, and through which exhaust gas that has passed through the independent exhaust pipes flows in. The independent exhaust pipes are connected to an upstream end of the mixing pipe in such a manner that parts of internal spaces of the circular cross sections overlap each other in a predetermined section from the downstream ends of the independent exhaust pipes toward upstream, and a ratio of overlapping portions of the circular cross sections gradually increases from upstream toward downstream.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust device connected to an engine body. The exhaust device includes a plurality of independent exhaust pipes, each of which has a circular cross section, and which are connected to exhaust ports of cylinders of the engine body; and a mixing pipe having a circular cross section, connected to downstream ends of the independent exhaust pipes, and through which exhaust gas that has passed through the independent exhaust pipes flows in. The independent exhaust pipes are connected to an upstream end of the mixing pipe in such a manner that parts of internal spaces of the circular cross sections overlap each other in a predetermined section from the downstream ends of the independent exhaust pipes toward upstream, and a ratio of overlapping portions of the circular cross sections gradually increases from upstream toward downstream.

Abstract: An exhaust device of a multi-cylinder engine which controls local introduction of exhaust gas to a catalyst device and a variation between cylinders of introduction positions of the exhaust gas to the catalyst device is provided. The exhaust device is arranged so that the cylinders extend in a vehicle width direction at a vehicle front part, and an exhaust line is arranged so as to extend rearward from a rear of the engine, wherein, in sequence from an upstream side of an exhaust gas flow, four independent exhaust pipes corresponding to the cylinders, collecting pipes which collect all independent exhaust pipes, and the catalyst device are provided. The single exhaust pipe includes two bending parts and a downstream part thereof is connected so that the exhaust gas is introduced from a direction that is diagonally lateral to an inlet part of the catalyst device.

Abstract: An exhaust device of a multi-cylinder engine which controls local introduction of exhaust gas to a catalyst device and a variation between cylinders of introduction positions of the exhaust gas to the catalyst device is provided. The exhaust device is arranged so that the cylinders extend in a vehicle width direction at a vehicle front part, and an exhaust line is arranged so as to extend rearward from a rear of the engine, wherein, in sequence from an upstream side of an exhaust gas flow, four independent exhaust pipes corresponding to the cylinders, collecting pipes which collect all independent exhaust pipes, and the catalyst device are provided. The single exhaust pipe includes two bending parts and a downstream part thereof is connected so that the exhaust gas is introduced from a direction that is diagonally lateral to an inlet part of the catalyst device.

Abstract: A printer driver is provided in a host computer. When a print job occurs, the printer driver automatically selects the format of a plotting command to be output to a printer. As the command format, there are available two kinds of formats: a high-level printer control language format (for example, PDL), and an intermediate code format expressed in an intermediate language. When the latter format is selected, the printer driver converts a plotting command from an application to an intermediate code and then outputs the intermediate code to the printer. The printer converts the intermediate code to another intermediate code specific to the printer by a very simple processing, and then develops the intermediate code to a bit image, thereby enabling high speed printing.

Abstract: A fabrication method of a multilayer PWB is provided, which realizes a satisfactorily-high adhesion strength between a mounting pad and a cured resin of a prepreg layer located in a surface via hole. A first surface via hole is formed in a first subboard, and a second surface via hole is formed in a second subboard. Then, the first and second subboards are laminated together while placing an inner structure including a prepreg layer between the first and second subboards. The first and second surface via holes are filled with a resin contained in the prepreg layer. Filler particles are buried into first and second surface regions of the resin which are located in the first and second surface via holes, respectively. The filler particles buried into the first and second surface regions of the resin are removed by dissolving the filler particles, thereby roughening the first and second surface regions of the resin.