Abstract: A paper tube of a propeller tube 12 is made by winding a single faced corrugated fiberboard 16 in which a wavy corrugating medium 16b is fixed to one side of a flat linerboard 16a so that the corrugating medium 16b is oriented outwards, and the corrugating medium 16b contacts with an inner surface of the propeller tube 12, so as to enhance a vibration controlling function. When winding the single faced corrugated fiberboard 16, since the single faced corrugated fiberboard 16 cannot be wound in a direction oblique to a direction of ridges of the corrugating medium 16b, there are no fears that the shape of the single faced corrugated fiberboard 16 is collapsed to taper axially, thereby it becomes possible to prevent a reduction in vibration controlling function that would otherwise be caused due to a change in the shape of the paper tube.

Abstract: A propeller shaft PS1 comprises a front pipe member 10 and first and second yoke members 20 and 30, which are attached to both the ends of the front pipe member 10. The first yoke member 20 is attached by press-fitting a first yoke fitting portion 23 into the inner circumferential part at the left end of the front pipe member 10 until the front end of the front pipe member comes near a stopper portion 24. The second yoke member 30, which has no stopper portion, is attached by press-fitting a second yoke fitting portion 33 into the inner circumferential part at the right end of the front pipe member 10. When a compressive force greater than a predetermined force acts axially, while the first yoke fitting portion 23 is prevented from being further inserted by the stopper portion 24, the second yoke fitting portion 33 is press-fit further into the inner circumferential part of the front pipe member, which is thereby expanded and destroyed.

Abstract: An elastic body 35 of a seal member 30 for sealing off a space between an outer race 26 and an inner race 27 of a bearing 15 has three seal lips 35a to 35c and an extending portion 35d. By allowing the extending portion 35 to be held in place in a gap &agr; between an axial end face of the outer race 26 of the bearing 15 and an axial end face of a bearing support hole in a knuckle 13, the penetration of water into the gap &agr; can be prevented by making use of the existing seal member while avoiding increases in the numbers of components to be assembled and man-hours needed to assemble the components by obviating the necessity of any special seal member, whereby the generation of rust resulting from electrolytic corrosion can be prevented effectively.

Abstract: An exhaust gas filter having a ceramic filter body is configured such that a specific heat h (cal/g.degree. C.) of ceramic powder constituting the body, and a bulk specific gravity d (g/cm.sup.3) of the filter, satisfy the relation 0.12 (cal/cm.sup.3 .degree. C.).ltoreq.h.times.d.ltoreq.0.19 (cal/cm.sup.3 .degree. C.). The ceramic filter body includes a plurality of cells which extend axially to open at opposite ends of the body. One of the opposite axial ends of each of the cells is closed by a filler in such a manner that the closed ends of the cells and the open ends of the cells are arranged in an alternating configuration. The filter traps particulates in the exhaust gas, and the trapped particulates are removed by regeneration combustion of the filter. The filter exhibits excellent durability, thus preventing the formation of cracks in the surface and interior of the filter. When the filter is mounted on a diesel engine, the diesel engine advantageously does not discharge black smoke.

Abstract: An exhaust gas filter for passing exhaust gas of a diesel engine or the like therethrough, thereby removing particulate matter from the exhaust gas. By suitably controlling physical properties of the exhaust gas filter such as a thermal expansion coefficient, the durability of the exhaust gas filter can be enhanced. When a constituent material for the exhaust gas filter includes aluminum titanate as a primary component, the durability can be further enhanced.

Abstract: A polymer film with a refractive index of n.sub.D .gtoreq.1.60, an Abbe number of .nu..sub.D .gtoreq.30.0 and a glass transition temperature of Tg=60.degree. to 160.degree. C. is oriented at least in one direction to provide an oriented film. It is arranged that this oriented film has a retardation value of R=60-1000 nm and a wavelength dispersion value of .nu..sub.RF .gtoreq.1.10. An optically compensating film comprising this oriented film or an optical compensator comprising the oriented film and an optically isotropic film laminated at least on one side thereof is used for color compensation in a liquid crystal display panel. In this manner, a liquid crystal display device solving the long-standing problems of coloration and low contrast ratio is obtained.

Abstract: A polymer film from a composition comprising a polymer (A) giving a film with a refractive index of n.sub.D .gtoreq.1.60, an Abbe number of .nu..sub.D .ltoreq.30.0 and a glass transition temperature of Tg=60.degree. to 160.degree. C. and a polymer (B) giving a film with a refractive index of n.sub.D <1.60 is oriented at least in one direction to provide an oriented film. It is arranged that this oriented film has a retardation value of R-60-1000 nm and a wavelength dispersion value of .nu..sub.RF .gtoreq.1.10. An optically compensating film comprising this oriented film or an optical compensator comprising the oriented film and an optically isotropic film laminated at least on one side thereof is used for color compensation in a liquid crystal display panel. In this manner, a liquid crystal display device solving the long-standing problems of coloration and low contrast ratio is obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a laminate consisting of a first oriented film (1) obtainable by drawing, at least in one direction, a polymer film having a refractive index of n.sub.D .gtoreq.1.60, an Abbe number of .nu..sub.D .gtoreq.30.0 and a glass transition temperature of Tg=60.degree. to 160.degree. C. and a second oriented film (2) obtainable by drawing, at least in one direction, a polymer film having a refractive index of n.sub.D <1.60. The laminate has a retardation value R of 60-1000 nm and a wavelength dispersion value .nu..sub.RF of not less than 1.10. This oriented film either as it is or as laminated with an optically isotropic film at least on one side is used to fabricate an optical compensator for color compensation in a liquid crystal panel. In this manner, there can be obtained a liquid crystal display panel which solves the long-standing problems of coloration and low contrast ratio.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first twisted nematic liquid crystal cell and an optically anisotropic material sandwiched between two polarizers. A second twisted nematic liquid crystal cell or polymer film serves as the optically anisotropic material. The optically anisotropic material may be disposed on one or both sides of the first twisted nematic liquid crystal. The optically anisotropic material compensates for the elliptical polarization of the light passing through the liquid crystal cell so that the device transmits white light in the OFF state and appears black in the ON state.

Abstract: A laser beam scanning type eye fundus observing device has a scanning optical system for scanning and illuminating an eye fundus with a laser beam spot and an observation image of the eye fundus is built up in accordance with a reflecting light of the scanning laser beam from various portions of the eye fundus. The laser beam scanning type eye fundus observing device further has an output level regulator for automatically regulating an output level of an image signal in accordance with a light quantity information of the various portions of the eye fundus.

Abstract: A laser beam scanning type ophthalmological instrument has a first laser beam light source for emitting a first laser beam; a second laser beam light source for emitting a second laser beam of a different wavelength from that of the first laser beam; and a light receiving element for receiving a laser beam reflected by an eye fundus, and in which the eye fundus is scanned by the first and second laser beams in order to observe the eye fundus or in order that a view field, etc. can be inspected. The laser beam scanning type ophthalmological instrument is characterized in that the first and second laser beams emitted by the first and second laser beam light sources can independently be adjusted in light quantity.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and method of fabrication thereof includes a first twisted nematic liquid crystal cell and an optically anisotropic material sandwiched between two polarizers. A second twisted nematic liquid crystal cell or polymer film serves as the optically anisotropic material. The optically anisotropic material may be disposed on one or both sides of the first twisted nematic liquid crystal. The optically anisotropic material compensates for the elliptical polarization of the light passing through the liquid crystal cell so that the device transmits white light in the OFF state and appears black in the ON state.

Abstract: A laser beam scanning type eye fundus camera has a laser beam generator for generating a laser beam; an illuminating system for illuminating the fundus of an eye to be tested by scanning the laser beam generated by the laser beam generator on the eye fundus; a first and a second light receiving portions for receiving a reflecting light of the laser beam reflected by the eye fundus; a first light receiving system for guiding the reflecting light of the laser beam reflected by the eye fundus to the first light receiving portion; a second light receiving system for guiding a fluorescence excited at the eye fundus by the laser beam; and an electronic circuit for forming an eye fundus image on a monitor TV according to an output signal coming from the first and second light receiving portions.

Abstract: There is disclosed an automatic eye refractive power measuring apparatus for automatically measuring refractive power of an eye under test by means of objective measurement.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and method of fabrication thereof includes a first twisted nematic liquid crystal cell and an optically anisotropic material sandwiched between two polarizers. A second twisted nematic liquid crystal cell or polymer film serves as the optically anisotropic material. The optically anisotropic material may be disposed on one or both sides of the first twisted nematic liquid crystal. The optically anisotropic material compensates for the elliptical polarization of the light passing through the liquid crystal cell so that the device transmits while light in the OFF state and appears black in the ON state.

Abstract: An eye examining apparatus is disclosed which is capable of the accurate detection of any abnormality in the optical system of a patient's eye which might exist at any position of the eye, and also which is capable of providing easy measurement of the degree of refraction of the patient's eye. The apparatus comprises a target projecting system for projecting onto a retina a target image to be measured; focalizing means for detecting the focus of the target to be measured and for focalizing it on the retina; and an optical transfer function measuring system for detecting the contrast of the target image to be measured, which is focalized on the retina, and thereby measuring the optical transfer function of the patient's eye.The apparatus may further comprise means for comparing the measured optical transfer function with that of a normal eye, and the target projecting system may include a means for rotating the target image to be measured around an optical axis.

Abstract: An eye refractometer comprising a measuring target projection optical system for projecting a measuring target image to the eye fundus of a patient's eye by means of a pair of beams of light from a measuring target; a rotating device for rotating the pair of beams of light around the optical axis; a measuring target image-forming optical system for forming a target image of the beams of light projected through the measuring target image projected to the eye fundus; a detection device for two-dimensionally detecting the position of the target image formed by the image-forming optical system on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis; and an operating circuit for obtaining a refractive power of the eye along a radial line passing through the centers of the pair of beams of light by means of the signal from the detection device.

Abstract: A refractory power measuring device for measuring the refractory power of the human eye or a lens. The device includes a target projecting optical system having two optical elements which are movable along the optical axis of the system independently from each other. The device can measure simultaneously the refractory powers along two astigmatic axes.

Abstract: Eye refractmeter using infrared rays in which the target projecting optical system includes an aperture disc having a semicircular apertures disposed within a circle corresponding to the pupil of the patient's eye with chord portions thereof opposed to each other with a spacing therebetween. The observing optical system includes a disc having a slot located at a position corresponding to the space between the apertures. The apertures and the slots are located in conjugate with the patient's pupil with respect to the objective lens.

Abstract: An eye refractometer including a measuring target projecting optical system for projecting a measuring target to a patient's eye using an infrared ray. A viewing target is provided in the projecting system and located more distant from the patient's eye than the measuring target. A filter is located between the two targets and has a portion which is transparent to visible light and corresponds to the viewing target. The remainder of the filter is opaque to the visible light but transparent to infrared ray. The two targets and the filter are assembled together so that they are moved as a unit.