Abstract: A carrier carries developer. A regulation member disposed at a lower portion of the carrier to control an amount of the developer carried by the carrier. A first container disposed below the carrier to contain the developer therein. A guiding path guides developer dropped by the regulation member from the carrier, to the first container.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image is formed on an image carrier. A first roller is opposed to the image carrier with a gap in between. A second roller is in contact with the first roller such that toner of a one-component type is supplied onto the image carrier by way of the first roller to develop the electrostatic latent image as a visible toner image. A single power source supplies a bias voltage in which an AC voltage is superposed on a DC bias voltage. The bias voltage is supplied to the first roller through a first path and to the second roller through a second path. A resistor is provided on the first path between the first roller and a branching point of the first path and the second path.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention comprises: a latent image carrier; and a developing means for charging a toner into a negative polarity by triboelectric charging, for converting an electrostatic latent image on said latent image carrier to a visible image with said toner and is characterized in that (1) the work function (?t) of said toner is set to be larger than the work function (?OPC) of the surface of said latent image carrier, or (2) in case that the apparatus is of a type transferring the visible image to an intermediate transfer medium, the apparatus is characterized in that the work function (?t) of said toner is set to be larger than the work function (?TM) of the surface of said intermediate transfer medium or (3) the work function (?OPC) of the surface of said latent image carrier, the work function (?t) of said toner, and the work function (?TM) of the surface of said intermediate transfer medium are set to satisfy a relation ?t>?OPC>?TM.

Abstract: A non-magnetic single-component toner 8 of the present invention has toner mother particles 8a, and external additives 12 comprising: two hydrophobic silicas 13, 14 of which particle diameters are different from each other, i.e. a mean primary particle diameter of 7 nm to 12 nm and a mean primary particle diameter of 40 nm to 50 nm, and a hydrophobic rutile/anatase type titanium oxide 15 having a spindle shape of which major axial diameter is in a range from 0.02 nm to 0.10 nm and the ratio of the major axial diameter to the minor axial diameter is set to be 2 to 8, wherein the external additives 12 adhere to the toner mother particles 8a. By the hydrophobic silicas 13, 14 having work function smaller than the work function of the toner mother particles 8a, the negative charging property is imparted to the toner mother particles 8a and the fluidity is also insured.

Abstract: The invention provides an imaging system wherein toners of two or more colors are used to form toner images and the toner images are successively used to form a color image on a recording material. The imaging system can form an image with high transfer efficiency. An electrostatic latent image is formed on an image carrier. Using developing units for two or more colors, images are formed. Then, the images are successively transferred onto an intermediate transfer medium at a transfer voltage fed from a constant-voltage power supply. The developing units are located such that development occurs in descending toner work function order.

Abstract: By causing the movement of charge from a toner to a latent image carrier, the amount of charge of the toner is lowered to an amount of charge suitable for facilitating the transfer of toner so as to improve the transfer efficiency. For this, an image forming apparatus includes a latent image carrier and a developing means for forming a negatively chargeable toner layer compose of two stories or less on a toner carrier by a toner layer thickness regulating member. An electrostatic latent image on the latent image carrier is developed with the toner to form a visible image and the visible image is transferred to a transfer medium. Further, the work functions (&PHgr;opc) of the surface of the latent image carrier is set to be larger than the work function (&PHgr;t) of the toner.

Abstract: A non-magnetic single-component toner 8 of the present invention has toner mother particles 8a, and external additives 12 comprising: two hydrophobic silicas 13, 14 of which particle diameters are different from each other, i.e. a mean primary particle diameter of 7 nm to 12 nm and a mean primary particle diameter of 40 nm to 50 nm, and a hydrophobic rutile/anatase type titanium oxide 15 having a spindle shape of which major axial diameter is in a range from 0.02 nm to 0.10 nm and the ratio of the major axial diameter to the minor axial diameter is set to be 2 to 8, wherein the external additives 12 adhere to the toner mother particles 8a. By the hydrophobic silicas 13, 14 having work function smaller than the work function of the toner mother particles 8a, the negative charging property is imparted to the toner mother particles 8a and the fluidity is also insured.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a latent image carrier and a developing device for charging a toner into a negative polarity by triboelectric charging, wherein the work function of the toner is set to be larger than the work function of the surface of the latent image carrier. When the apparatus includes an intermediate transfer medium, the work function of the toner is set to be larger than the work function of the surface of the intermediate transfer medium. In another embodiment, the work function &PHgr;opc of the surface of the latent image carrier, the work function &PHgr;t of the toner, and the work function &PHgr;TM of the surface of the intermediate transfer medium are set to satisfy a relationship &PHgr;t>&PHgr;OPC>&PHgr;TM. These relationships help to reduce fog, and improve transfer efficiency which reduces the consumption of the toner.

Abstract: A pressurizing chamber 1 is formed as a recess by half etching of a silicon single-crystal substrate 2. A nozzle communicating hole 6 through which the pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to a nozzle opening 5 is formed as a through hole which is smaller in width than the pressurizing chamber 1. The pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to the nozzle opening 5 in the other face via the nozzle communicating hole 6 while reducing the volume of the pressurizing chamber 1 to a degree as small as possible. The silicon single-crystal substrate is used as a member constituting a spacer so that an ink drop of a reduced ink amount suitable for high density printing flies with high positioning accuracy.

Abstract: A pressurizing chamber 1 is formed as a recess by half etching of a silicon single-crystal substrate 2. A nozzle communicating hole 6 through which the pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to a nozzle opening 5 is formed as a through hole which is smaller in width than the pressurizing chamber 1. The pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to the nozzle opening 5 in the other face via the nozzle communicating hole 6 while reducing the volume of the pressurizing chamber 1 to a degree as small as possible. The silicon single-crystal substrate is used as a member constituting a spacer so that an ink drop of a reduced ink amount suitable for high density printing flies with high positioning accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention realizes proper driving circuits in a driving-circuit integral type liquid crystal display device which has an increased screen size. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a driving circuit which supplies video signals to video signal lines formed on the liquid crystal display panel. The driving circuit is comprised of a first driving circuit which is formed in a step similar to a step for forming pixels provided to the liquid crystal display panel and a second driving circuit which is connected to the liquid crystal display panel after formation of the liquid crystal display panel. The first driving circuit is constituted of a switching circuit which is capable of distributing an output of the second driving circuit to a plurality of video signal lines.

Abstract: A non-magnetic single-component toner 8 of the present invention has toner mother particles 8a, and external additives 12 comprising: two hydrophobic silicas 13, 14 of which particle diameters are different from each other, i.e. a mean primary particle diameter of 7 nm to 12 nm and a mean primary particle diameter of 40 nm to 50 nm, and a hydrophobic rutile/anatase type titanium oxide 15 having a spindle shape of which major axial diameter is in a range from 0.02 nm to 0.10 nm and the ratio of the major axial diameter to the minor axial diameter is set to be 2 to 8, wherein the external additives 12 adhere to the toner mother particles 8a. By the hydrophobic silicas 13, 14 having work function smaller than the work function of the toner mother particles 8a, the negative charging property is imparted to the toner mother particles 8a and the fluidity is also insured.

Abstract: A carrier carries developer. A regulation member disposed at a lower portion of the carrier to control an amount of the developer carried by the carrier. A first container disposed below the carrier to contain the developer therein. A guiding path guides developer dropped by the regulation member from the carrier, to the first container.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention comprises: a latent image carrier; and a developing means for charging a toner into a negative polarity by triboelectric charging, for converting an electrostatic latent image on said latent image carrier to a visible image with said toner and is characterized in that (1) the work function (&PHgr;t) of said toner is set to be larger than the work function (&PHgr;OPC) of the surface of said latent image carrier, or (2) in case that the apparatus is of a type transferring the visible image to an intermediate transfer medium, the apparatus is characterized in that the work function (&PHgr;t) of said toner is set to be larger than the work function (&PHgr;TM) of the surface of said intermediate transfer medium or (3) the work function (&PHgr;OPC) of the surface of said latent image carrier, the work function (&PHgr;t) of said toner, and the work function (&PHgr;TM) of the surface of said intermediate transfer medium are set to satisfy a relation &PHgr;t>&PHgr

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element having pixels, video signal lines applying a video signal voltage to the pixels and a video signal line driver supplying the video signal voltages to the video signal lines. The video signal line driver circuit includes a gray-scale voltage generating circuit provided with a resistor circuit dividing voltages between plural gray-scale reference voltages to generate plural gray-scale voltages, and selector circuits selecting one gray-scale voltage in accordance with the display data. The resistor circuit includes a resistive element provided with plural Intermediate taps for dividing voltages to generate the gray-scale voltages, gray-scale voltage lines corresponding to the gray-scale voltages, an interlayer insulating film insulating the gray-scale lines from the resistive element, and connections connecting the gray-scale voltage lines to corresponding ones of the intermediate taps through a hole in the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: By causing the movement of charge from a toner to a latent image carrier, the amount of charge of the toner is lowered to an amount of charge suitable for facilitating the transfer of toner so as to improve the transfer efficiency. For this, an image forming apparatus comprises a latent image carrier 1 and a developing means 4 for forming a negatively chargeable toner layer composed of two stories or less on a toner carrier 10 by a toner layer thickness regulating member 9, wherein an electrostatic latent image on the latent image carrier is developed with the toner to form a visible image and the visible image is transferred to a transfer medium 5, and is characterized in that the work function (&PHgr;opc) of the surface of the latent image carrier is set to be larger than the work function (&PHgr;t) of the toner.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel having plural pixels and a video signal line driver circuit for supplying a video signal voltage to each of the pixels via a corresponding one of plural video lines in accordance with a P-bit display data.

Abstract: The present invention realizes a liquid crystal display which mounts driving circuits of low power consumption on a substrate on which a display part is mounted. The driving circuits which supply gray scale voltages to pixels are mounted on a liquid crystal display panel. Display data is transferred between the driving circuits using wiring formed on the liquid crystal display panel, the display data is transferred in the inside of the driving circuits through inner data bus lines, and a data inversion calculation which inverts values of the display data is performed in the inside of the driving circuits for achieving the low power consumption.

Abstract: A pressurizing chamber 1 is formed as a recess by half etching of a silicon single-crystal substrate 2. A nozzle communicating hole 6 through which the pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to a nozzle opening 5 is formed as a through hole which is smaller in width than the pressurizing chamber 1. The pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to the nozzle opening 5 in the other face via the nozzle communicating hole 6 while reducing the volume of the pressurizing chamber 1 to a degree as small as possible. The silicon single-crystal substrate is used as a member constituting a spacer so that an ink drop of a reduced ink amount suitable for high density printing flies with high positioning accuracy.

Abstract: A pressurizing chamber 1 is formed as a recess by half etching of a silicon single-crystal substrate 2. A nozzle communicating hole 6 through which the pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to a nozzle opening 5 is formed as a through hole which is smaller in width than the pressurizing chamber 1. The pressurizing chamber 1 is connected to the nozzle opening 5 in the other face via the nozzle communicating hole 6 while reducing the volume of the pressurizing chamber 1 to a degree as small as possible. The silicon single-crystal substrate is used as a member constituting a spacer so that an ink drop of a reduced ink amount suitable for high density printing flies with high positioning accuracy.