Abstract: The endoscope apparatus includes a heat exchanger, a first tube, and a second tube. The front-end portion is cooled down by repeating alternately, the other operation which is opposite an one operation, which is an operation of generating a flow of the cooling liquid from the other end of the first tube to the one end of the first tube, and a flow of the cooling liquid from the one end of the second tube to the other end of the second tube, and the one operation which is an operation of generating a flow of the cooling liquid from the other end of the second tube to the one end of the second tube, and a flow of the cooling liquid from the one end of the first tube to the other end of the first tube.

Abstract: A capacitive ultrasonic transducer (c-MUT) comprising a silicon substrate and a transducer element which comprises transducer cells, each of which is constituted by a first electrode equipped on the top surface of the silicon substrate, a second electrode placed opposite to the first electrode with a predetermined gap therefrom and a membrane for supporting the second electrode, wherein a trench is equipped between the adjacent transducers and a conductive film is formed in the trench.

Abstract: A treatment device for a medical treatment heats a biotissue. The device includes first and second heat transfer portions which come in contact with the biotissue. The device includes first and second resistance elements which are supplied a power having a first power value and a second power value to heat the first heat transfer portion and second heat transfer portion, respectively. The device includes temperature acquiring section which acquires a first temperature of the first heat transfer portion. The device includes a control section which calculates the first power value based on the first temperature, and determines the second power value corresponding to the first power value. The device includes first and second power supplying sections which supply the power having the first and second power value to the first and second resistance elements, respectively.

Abstract: A treatment device for a medical treatment heats a biotissue. The device includes a treatment tool which includes a heat transfer portion and a resistance element, a storage section which stores a time-power list including time-power relations, and a controller. The controller includes a resistance value acquiring section acquiring a resistance value of the resistance element, a power supplying section supplying the power to the resistance element, and a control section. The control section causes the power supplying section to supply a predetermined state detection power in a state detection period, calculates a change of the resistance value in the state detection period, acquires the time-power relation corresponding to the change of the resistance value, and causes the power supplying section to supply the power based on the acquired time-power relation.

Abstract: A treatment device for a medical treatment heats a biotissue at a desired temperature, and includes a treatment tool, a controller and a storage section. The treatment tool includes a heat transfer portion which contacts with the biotissue to transfer heat to the biotissue, and a resistance element into which power is supplied to heat the heat transfer portion. The controller is detachably attached to the treatment tool, and measures a resistance value R of the resistance element. The storage section stores a coefficient C2. The controller calculates a coefficient C1 based on a calibration temperature when the treatment tool is connected to the controller. The controller calculates a temperature of the resistance element using the R, C1 and C2, and controls the temperature of the heat transfer portion.

Abstract: A treatment device treats a biotissue by heating the biotissue to a target temperature. The device includes a heat-transfer member conveying heat to the biotissue, a heat-generating chip including a heat-generating member, a first temperature-measuring module, a temperature-measuring element disposed on the heat-transfer member, a second temperature-measuring module, and a controller. The heat-generating member heats the heat-transfer member. The first temperature-measuring module obtains a first temperature of the heat-generating member. The second temperature-measuring module obtains a second temperature measured by the temperature-measuring element. The controller determines the supplied electric power based on the first temperature after start of heating and before a transition point in time, and based on the second temperature after the transition point in time.

Abstract: The endoscope apparatus includes a heat exchanger, a first tube, and a second tube. The front-end portion is cooled down by repeating alternately, the other operation which is opposite an one operation, which is an operation of generating a flow of the cooling liquid from the other end of the first tube to the one end of the first tube, and a flow of the cooling liquid from the one end of the second tube to the other end of the second tube, and the one operation which is an operation of generating a flow of the cooling liquid from the other end of the second tube to the one end of the second tube, and a flow of the cooling liquid from the one end of the first tube to the other end of the first tube.

Abstract: A medical treatment apparatus includes a heat transfer portion, a heating chip, a temperature measurement unit and a control unit. The heat transfer portion comes into contact with a living tissue and transfers heat to the living tissue. The heating chip includes a heating region, is joined to the heat transfer portion, and heats the heat transfer portion by inputting energy to the heating region. The temperature measurement unit acquires a temperature of the heating region. The control unit controls a temperature of the heat transfer portion to a target temperature by controlling the temperature of the heating region to a temperature differing from the target temperature by an offset value which changes in accordance with an amount of the energy.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscope apparatus which is equipped with an endoscope including an object lens, a distal end portion and a handling section, a heat-producing device being incorporated into the distal end portion. The endoscope apparatus includes: a cleaning system which transiently discharges a cleaning liquid toward the object lens to clean the object lens; a cooling system which refluxes a coolant in the distal end portion to cool the heat-producing device; a liquid sending system, installed outside the endoscope, for supplying the cleaning liquid and the coolant; and a liquid-sending pressurizing system shared between the cleaning liquid and the coolant.

Abstract: A capacitive ultrasonic transducer (c-MUT) comprising a silicon substrate and a transducer element which comprises transducer cells, each of which is constituted by a first electrode equipped on the top surface of the silicon substrate, a second electrode placed opposite to the first electrode with a predetermined gap therefrom and a membrane for supporting the second electrode, wherein a trench is equipped between the adjacent transducers and a conductive film is formed in the trench.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer cell according to the present invention includes: a substrate; a charge holding portion provided on the substrate; a lower electrode provided on the charge holding portion and used to input and output a signal; and a vibration membrane provided above the lower electrode to be separated from the lower electrode with a cavity, and configured to include at least an insulating film and an upper electrode provided on the insulating film.

Abstract: A stacked mounting structure includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an intermediate substrate which has a space accommodating therein components to be mounted. A first contact (connecting) terminal and a second contact (connecting) terminal are formed on the first substrate and the second substrate, and have a wire which is formed on a side surface of the intermediate substrate. By formation of the intermediate substrate to be on an inner side than an edge surface of the substrates, a part of the two contact terminals respectively are exposed. One end of the wire is connected to an exposed portion of the first contact terminal, and the other end of the wire is connected to an exposed portion of the second contact terminal.

Abstract: A small-size light controlling apparatus in which, it is not necessary to draw a wire for a diaphragm control, from a diaphragm mechanism, and an optical apparatus in which the light controlling apparatus is used, are provided. The light controlling apparatus includes a substrate having an optical aperture which is fixed, a diaphragm blade which is displaceable, a first magnet which is fixed to the diaphragm blade, and a coil which is disposed around the substrate. An external magnetic field which acts on the first magnet is changed according to an electric power supply to the coil, and the diaphragm blade is displaced by displacing the first magnet according to the change in the external magnetic field.

Abstract: An impact drive actuator comprises a vibrating base plate configured to be slightly displaced in a reciprocating manner by a vibrator in first and second directions, a first slider disposed on the vibrating base plate, a first electrode formed on the vibrating base plate, a second electrode so formed on the first slider as to face the first electrode through an insulation film, and a potential difference generator configured to generate a potential difference between the first and second electrodes to allow a first electrostatic attractive force to act between the vibrating base plate and first slider. When the vibrator reciprocates the vibrating base plate, the time needed to displace the vibrating base plate in the first direction is different from that in the second direction. The first slider is displaced relative to the vibrating base plate in the direction where the time needed for displacement is larger.

Abstract: An image pick-up module for an endoscope apparatus includes a base having a surface on which electronic elements including an image pick-up device, and an electronic cooling element are mounted. The surface of the base is provided with terminals for the electronic elements including the image pick-up device, terminals for the electronic cooling element, and terminals for wirings from an outside of the image pick-up module. The base further includes wirings electrically connecting with the terminals for the electronic elements including the image pick-up device, the terminals for the electronic cooling element, and the terminals for the outside wirings.

Abstract: An ion conducting high-polymer member is formed by an ion containing polymer, and has a circular arc shape. An chord length of the ion conducting high-polymer member is changed. Due to the change in the chord length of the ion conducting high-polymer member, there is change in a relative position of a driving shaft which is coupled with the ion conducting high-polymer member, with respect to a rotating shaft. Due to the change in the relative position of the driving shaft, a circular ring shaped peripheral section is displaced, and due to a rotation of a diaphragm member around the rotating shaft as a center, a part of an aperture is shielded by the circular ring shaped peripheral section, and a diameter of the aperture is changed.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus of the present invention includes a scope portion having a rigid portion in which, at least an image pickup module is disposed, a circulation passage which is at an interior of the scope portion, and which is extended rearward from the rigid portion, such that a cooling medium filled inside is capable of carrying out a heat exchange with the rigid portion, and a pump which is at the interior of the scope portion, and which circulates the cooling medium inside the circulation passage.

Abstract: A small-size light controlling apparatus in which, it is not necessary to draw a wire for a diaphragm control, from a diaphragm mechanism, and an optical apparatus in which the light controlling apparatus is used, are provided. The light controlling apparatus includes a substrate having an optical aperture which is fixed, a diaphragm blade which is displaceable, a first magnet which is fixed to the diaphragm blade, and a coil which is disposed around the substrate. An external magnetic field which acts on the first magnet is changed according to an electric power supply to the coil, and the diaphragm blade is displaced by displacing the first magnet according to the change in the external magnetic field.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer cell according to the present invention includes: a substrate; a charge holding portion provided on the substrate; a lower electrode provided on the charge holding portion and used to input and output a signal; and a vibration membrane provided above the lower electrode to be separated from the lower electrode with a cavity, and configured to include at least an insulating film and an upper electrode provided on the insulating film.

Abstract: A first bending portion, a second bending portion, a third bending portion, and a fourth bending portion are formed by a coiled spring. A front link member is disposed toward a front tube of the first bending portion, and a rear link member is disposed toward a rear tube of the fourth bending portion. A first intermediate link member is disposed between the first bending portion and the second bending portion, a second intermediate link member is disposed between the second bending portion and the third bending portion, and a third intermediate link member is disposed between the third bending portion and the fourth bending portion. A first actuator includes a tube member and an SMA wire member, and when a distance between the front link member and the tube member is shortened by driving the first actuator, the first bending portion is bent.