Abstract: A method for a DC to DC converter with a pseudo constant switching frequency is disclosed herein. For example, some embodiments provide a DC to DC converter having a switch connected to a switching node to control a voltage of the switching node, and a switching controller that is adapted to turn on and off the switch at a substantially constant frequency based at least in part on the voltage of the switching node. The switching controller includes a modulator connected to a control electrode of the switch and that is adapted to actuate and deactuate the switch, and a first timer that is connected to the switching node and to the modulator. The first timer uses the voltage of the switching node to determine an on-time for the switch.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially practical process where a ketone and an aromatic compound are directly reacted to obtain a corresponding alkylated aromatic compound in a single reaction step. The process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound is characterized in that it comprises reacting an aromatic compound, a ketone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance and a catalyst composition comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Re, Ni and a platinum group metal.

Abstract: A method for producing an alkylated aromatic compound includes a step (i) of producing a reaction product (a1) containing the alkylated aromatic compound and water by the reaction of an aromatic compound, a ketone, and hydrogen using a metal component containing at least one metallic element of copper, nickel, cobalt, and rhenium and a solid acid substance; a step (ii) of forming a dehydrated product (a2) from at least a portion of the reaction product (a1) by removing at least a portion of the water in the reaction product (a1); and a step (iii) of producing a reaction product (a3) containing the alkylated aromatic compound by bringing at least a portion of the dehydrated product (a2) into contact with a solid acid substance.

Abstract: A method for a DC to DC converter with a pseudo constant switching frequency is disclosed herein. For example, some embodiments provide a DC to DC converter having a switch connected to a switching node to control a voltage of the switching node, and a switching controller that is adapted to turn on and off the switch at a substantially constant frequency based at least in part on the voltage of the switching node. The switching controller includes a modulator connected to a control electrode of the switch and that is adapted to actuate and deactuate the switch, and a first timer that is connected to the switching node and to the modulator. The first timer uses the voltage of the switching node to determine an on-time for the switch.

Abstract: According to a process of the invention, a ketone, an aromatic compound and hydrogen as starting materials are reacted together in a single reaction step to produce an alkylaromatic compound in high yield. A process for producing phenols in the invention includes a step of performing the above alkylation process and does not increase the number of steps compared to the conventional cumene process. The process for producing alkylated aromatic compounds includes reacting an aromatic compound such as benzene, a ketone such as acetone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance, preferably a zeolite, and a silver-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Various apparatuses, methods and systems for a DC to DC converter with a pseudo constant switching frequency are disclosed herein. For example, some embodiments provide a DC to DC converter having a switch connected to a switching node to control a voltage of the switching node, and a switching controller that is adapted to turn on and off the switch at a substantially constant frequency based at least in part on the voltage of the switching node. The switching controller includes a modulator connected to a control electrode of the switch and that is adapted to actuate and deactuate the switch, and a first timer that is connected to the switching node and to the modulator. The first timer uses the voltage of the switching node to determine an on-time for the switch.

Abstract: According to a process of the invention, a ketone, an aromatic compound and hydrogen as starting materials are reacted together in a single reaction step to produce an alkylaromatic compound in high yield. A process for producing phenols in the invention includes a step of performing the above alkylation process and does not increase the number of steps compared to the conventional cumene process. The process for producing alkylated aromatic compounds includes reacting an aromatic compound such as benzene, a ketone such as acetone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance, preferably a zeolite, and a silver-containing catalyst.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an alkylated aromatic compound and a method for producing cumene that can greatly reduce the amount of solid acid substance, and a method for producing phenol including a step of producing cumene by the method for producing cumene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process in which a ketone is directly reacted with an aromatic compound in a single reaction step to obtain the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound in a higher yield. By reacting an aromatic compound with a ketone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance and a catalyst composition containing Cu and Zn in a ratio of Zn to Cu ranging from 0.70 to 1.60 (atomic ratio), the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound is prepared.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon using a molybdenum-containing solid catalyst, more specifically a process for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon efficiently from a lower hydrocarbon gas essentially containing methane by activating the molybdenum-containing solid catalyst with maintaining a high yield for a long period of time. The process comprises a pre-contacting step of allowing a molybdenum-containing solid catalyst to contact with a pre-contacting gas comprising at least one selected from a lower hydrocarbon and a hydrogen gas; and a reaction step of allowing the pre-contacted catalyst to contact with a raw material gas essentially containing methane, to generate an aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein the starting temperature in the pre-contacting step is lower than the reaction temperature, and the temperature during the pre-contacting step from the beginning to the end is not over the reaction temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially practical process where a ketone and an aromatic compound are directly reacted to obtain a corresponding alkylated aromatic compound in a single reaction step. The process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound is characterized in that it comprises reacting an aromatic compound, a ketone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance and a catalyst composition comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Re, Ni and a platinum group metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process in which a ketone is directly reacted with an aromatic compound in a single reaction step to obtain the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound in a higher yield. By reacting an aromatic compound with a ketone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance and a catalyst composition containing Cu and Zn in a ratio of Zn to Cu ranging from 0.70 to 1.60 (atomic ratio), the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound is prepared.

Abstract: Various apparatuses, methods and systems for a DC to DC converter with a pseudo constant switching frequency are disclosed herein. For example, some embodiments provide a DC to DC converter having a switch connected to a switching node to control a voltage of the switching node, and a switching controller that is adapted to turn on and off the switch at a substantially constant frequency based at least in part on the voltage of the switching node. The switching controller includes a modulator connected to a control electrode of the switch and that is adapted to actuate and deactuate the switch, and a first timer that is connected to the switching node and to the modulator. The first timer uses the voltage of the switching node to determine an on-time for the switch.

Abstract: A 3-aminomethyltetrahydrofuran derivative is produced by preparing a 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative in a high yield from a malic acid derivative, and reducing the cyano group of the 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative. The process can produce the 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative in a high yield from inexpensive industrial materials.

Abstract: An economical and industrial method for the dehydrogenation of triisopropyl benzene can be provided by carrying out the reaction employing a solid catalyst having an iron compound and potassium compound as major components or an iron compound, potassium compound, and magnesium compound as major components, as a dehydrogenating catalyst for producing diisopropyl isopropenyl benzene, isopropyl diisopropenyl benzene and/or triisopropenyl benzene from triisopropyl benzene. In the dehydrogenation of triisopropyl benzene or diisopropyl benzene, by carrying out an off-and-on reaction in which the above described solid catalyst is employed and with which a regeneration period with steam or oxygen or air is provided, an economical and industrial dehydrogenation method having an extended life of the catalyst can be provided and will have an industrial superiority.

Abstract: A comparator monitors an output voltage V.sub.out. When an output voltage V.sub.out decreases to a predetermined output voltage or less, the comparator sends a signal that represents this state to a controlling circuit. When the controlling circuit receives the signal, it causes a switching device to be turned on. Thus, a coil current I.sub.L is increased. A hysteresis (window) comparator monitors the coil current I.sub.L. When the coil current I.sub.L reaches a comparison current I.sub.LP, the controlling circuit causes the switching device to be turned off. When the coil current I.sub.L decreases to the comparison current I.sub.LB (where I.sub.LP >I.sub.LB), the controlling circuit references an output signal of the comparator. When the output voltage V.sub.out is lower than the predetermined output voltage, the controlling circuit causes the switching device to be turned on.

Abstract: A DC/DC converter generates a voltage required by a load. A battery supplies electric power for the load as necessary. A charging circuit charges the battery. The load, the DC/DC converter, the battery, and the charging circuit are contained in a housing. The charging circuit controls a charging current to be supplied for the battery such that a total consumed electric power (a sum of electric power consumed by the load, the DC/DC converter, and the charging circuit) dose not exceed the allowable dissipation of the housing.

Abstract: A comparator monitors an output voltage V.sub.out. When an output voltage V.sub.out decreases to a predetermined output voltage or less, the comparator sends a signal that represents this state to a controlling circuit. When the controlling circuit receives the signal, it causes a switching device to be turned on. Thus, a coil current I.sub.L is increased. A hysteresis (window) comparator monitors the coil current I.sub.L. When the coil current I.sub.L reaches a comparison current I.sub.LP, the controlling circuit causes the switching device to be turned off. When the coil current I.sub.L decreases to the comparison current I.sub.LB (where I.sub.LP >I.sub.LB), the controlling circuit references an output signal of the comparator. When the output voltage V.sub.out is lower than the predetermined output voltage, the controlling circuit causes the switching device to be turned on.

Abstract: At least two test instructions are sequentially simulated. Concurrently the number of clocks taken for simulating at least two test instructions are counted. The peripheral processing program relating to at least two test instructions are simulated for the number of clocks counted after simulating at least two test instructions.

Abstract: A static induction type semiconductor device of a surface gate type, includes a source region, gate region and drain region. A channel region is formed between the drain region and the source region, such that when a bias potential is applied between the gate region and the source region, carriers flow to the drain region from the source region via the channel region. A source electrode is provided on the semiconductor layer. A source contact region is provided between the source electrode and the source region to establish electrical connection therebetween. The source contact region is segmented into a plurality of smaller regions or sections whose total area is smaller than the area of the corresponding portion of the source region, for improving the current gain, and for preventing or significantly reducing local current concentration.