Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance of is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change value in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in the light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance of is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change value in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in the light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in one light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in one light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A heatsink of the present invention has a column having a heat conducting plate with a heat receiving face contacting a heat producing element. On the side faces of the column are a plurality of first slits disposed parallel to the heat receiving face and a plurality of second slits disposed transversely to the heat receiving face. These slits form a plurality of pillar-type protrusions functioning as fins for cooling. At least one of cross sections of the column has a shape of a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle or a shape which tapers off as it goes away at right angle from the heat receiving face. A method of manufacturing the heatsink of the present invention includes first and second processes. In the first process, the first slits are formed by providing a plurality of metallic plate fins on the column along its length by the methods including the extrusion molding using a metallic mold.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, arid (3) a change in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in one light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A heatsink of the present invention has a column having a heat conducting plate with a heat receiving face contacting a heat producing element. On the side faces of the column are a plurality of first slits and a plurality of second slits disposed transversely to the plurality of first slits. These slits form a plurality of pillar-type protrusions functioning as fins for cooling. The depths of the first and second slits in the column are different, and this difference in levels are used to cause the fluid for cooling to form a turbulent flow. A cross section of the column tapers off gradually or in stages as the vertical distance increases from the heat receiving face. A cooling apparatus for the present invention includes a cooling means mounted on the heatsink of the present invention. The cooling apparatus for the present invention enjoys a high cooling ability and reduced size.

Abstract: A heatsink of the present invention has a column having a heat conducting plate with a heat receiving face contacting a heat producing element. On the side faces of the column are a plurality of first slits disposed parallel to the heat receiving face and a plurality of second slits disposed transversely to the heat receiving face. These slits form a plurality of pillar-type protrusions functioning as fins for cooling. At least one of cross sections of the column has a shape of a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle or a shape which tapers off as it goes away at right angle from the heat receiving face. A method of manufacturing the heatsink of the present invention includes first and second processes. In the first process, the first slits are formed by providing a plurality of metallic plate fins on the column along its length by the methods including the extrusion molding using a metallic mold.

Abstract: The cooling element of the present invention comprises a base section in contact with a heat producing element, and a heat dissipation section integrally formed with the base section. The cooling element of the present invention is constructed such that a ratio of T (a thickness of the base section) to L (a reference length, namely, a shortest width or an external diameter of the base section disposed right above the heat producing element) is within a range of not less than 0.14 and not more than 0.24. The cooling element of the present invention comprises a base section in contact with a heat producing element and a heat dissipation element integrally formed with the base section. The cooling element of the present invention is constructed such that a ratio of d (a length of the base section at around the center) to L2 (a longest length or an external diameter of said base section) is not less than 0.5.

Abstract: A heatsink of the present invention has a column having a heat conducting plate with a heat receiving face contacting a heat producing element. On the side faces of the column are a plurality of first slits and a plurality of second slits disposed transversely to the plurality of first slits. These slits form a plurality of pillar-type protrusions functioning as fins for cooling. The depths of the first and second slits in the column are different, and this difference in levels are used to cause the fluid for cooling to form a turbulent flow. A cross section of the column tapers off gradually or in stages as the vertical distance increases from the heat receiving face. A cooling apparatus for the present invention includes a cooling means mounted on the heatsink of the present invention. The cooling apparatus for the present invention enjoys a high cooling ability and reduced size.

Abstract: A heatsink of the present invention has a column having a heat conducting plate with a heat receiving face contacting a heat producing element. On the side faces of the column are a plurality of first slits and a plurality of second slits disposed transversely to the plurality of first slits. These slits form a plurality of pillar-type protrusions functioning as fins for cooling. The depths of the first and second slits in the column are different, and this difference in levels are used to cause the fluid for cooling to form a turbulent flow. A cross section of the column tapers off gradually or in stages as the vertical distance increases from the heat receiving face. A cooling apparatus for the present invention includes a cooling means mounted on the heatsink of the present invention. The cooling apparatus for the present invention enjoys a high cooling ability and reduced size.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing fine pattern of the invention comprises (a) a step of manufacturing a master substrate having a film of precious metal or an alloy thereof formed as an insoluble electrode on the electrode, (b) a step of forming a fine pattern film on the insoluble electrode with anion type electro-deposition, and (c) a step of exfoliating and transferring the fine pattern film onto another substrate. Another method of manufacturing fine pattern further includes a step of manufacturing a master substrate, of which a surface is provided with at least a repeatedly reproducible sacrificial electrode. Still another method of manufacturing fine pattern includes a step of forming a pattern electrode on a conductive substrate by electro-forming, and transferring the electrode onto another substrate. Yet another method of manufacturing fine pattern includes a structure wherein a transparent section is provided in a portion of a master substrate in order to facilitate a positional alignment.