Abstract: A structured body for reducing resistance of a fluid includes a first face that comes into contact with the fluid, a frictional portion that is situated on the first face and that spreads in a planar first direction along the first face, and a first smooth portion that is situated on the first face and that is adjacent to the frictional portion in a planar second direction that intersects the planar first direction. The frictional portion includes a plurality of first guide structures that are arrayed in the planar first direction and that guide the fluid to the first smooth portion. The first guide structures each include a first end portion that extends toward the first smooth portion. The first end portion has a first inclination angle that is greater than 0° and smaller than 90° with respect to the planar first direction.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a top coating agent which forms a protective film demonstrating a beautiful silvery-white appearance, can be adjusted to suppress increases in the friction coefficient even when heat-treated at a high temperature, stabilizes sliding, is strong, and has excellent water resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like; and a fastening member having the protective film formed using said top coating agent. The present invention provides: a top coating agent that includes a polyoxyalkylene amine-based surfactant, a water-soluble modified organopolysiloxane, aluminum flake, and a diluent containing water; and a silvery-white fastening member having a protective film formed using said top coating agent.

Abstract: A polyethylene terephthalate resin composition with excellent impact resistance, tensile strength and chemical resistance is provided. A resin composition comprising: a (A) polyethylene terephthalate resin; a (B) polyphenylene ether resin; a (C) styrenic thermoplastic elastomer; and a (D) styrenic copolymer having a glycidyl group, wherein, a mass of the (C) component present in a phase of the (A) component, a mass of the (C) component present in a phase of the (B) component, a mass of the (A) component in the resin composition and a mass of the (B) component in the resin composition satisfy a predetermined relationship, and an average particle diameter of the phase of the (B) component dispersed in the phase of the (A) component is 0.1 to 5 ?m. The resin composition can contain the (A) and (B) components as a molten and kneaded mixture.

Abstract: A method of controlling a proportional solenoid valve whose valve opening degree is controlled by excitation of a proportional solenoid includes: generating a driving current (id) that excites a proportional solenoid (28); reversing a polarity of the driving current (id) at a cycle faster than movement of a valve body (18); and controlling the valve opening degree by a current level of the driving current (id). As a result, an alternating magnetic field is generated in the proportional solenoid so that a desired valve opening degree is obtained by the driving current level while obviating the influence of the residual magnetism.

Abstract: Provided are a polyamide/polyphenylene ether resin composition that has excellent fluidity, heat resistance, and surface impact strength while also having excellent repeated processability and a shaped product that includes this resin composition. The resin composition contains: (a) a polyamide; (b) a polyphenylene ether; (c) a compatibilizer for the (a) polyamide and the (b) polyphenylene ether; and (d) a polyhydric alcohol including at least two hydroxyl groups and having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of less than 500. The content of the (d) polyhydric alcohol is 0.3 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass, in total, of the (a) polyamide and the (b) polyphenylene ether. A ratio of terminal amino group concentration relative to terminal carboxyl group concentration (terminal amino group concentration/terminal carboxyl group concentration) in the (a) polyamide is 0.3 to 0.5. The (a) polyamide forms a continuous phase.

Abstract: The present invention presents an ethylene polymer, wherein the ethylene polymer has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 200,000 or more and 3,000,000 or less, a proportion of a component (?130) with the lowest mobility of 40% or more and 60% or less, and a ratio ?/? of a middle motion component (?) to a component (?) with the highest mobility of 1.0 or more and 4.0 or less when a three-component approximation of free induction decay at 130° C. measured by a solid echo method of pulse NMR is performed.

Abstract: A toner has a toner particle that has a binder resin and a release agent, wherein when the temperature when G?=1.0×105 Pa in a dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner is denoted by Ta, and the glass transition temperature in a differential scanning calorimetric measurement on the toner is denoted by Tg, the Ta and the Tg satisfy the following formulas: 40° C.?Tg?70° C., 60° C.?Ta?90° C., and 0° C.?Ta?Tg?35° C.; and the toner has a storage elastic modulus G? having a minimum value in the range from 110° C. to 150° C. in a dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner.

Abstract: A polyethylene fiber wherein when a free induction decay (M(t)) of the polyethylene fiber at 90° C. measured by a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solid echo method is approximated to three components of a component (?) having a lowest mobility, a component (?) having an intermediate mobility, and a component (?) having a highest mobility, by fitting using formula 1 (M(t)=? exp(?(½)(t/T?)2)sin bt/bt+? exp(?(1/Wa)(t/T?)Wa)+? exp(?t/T?)), a composition fraction of the component (?) having the highest mobility is 1% or more and 10% or less, and a relaxation time of the component (?) having the highest mobility is 100 ?s or more and 1000 ?s or less.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle having a binder resin, a wax and a colorant, and metal titanate fine particles having a perovskite crystal structure, wherein in cross section observation of the toner using a transmission electron microscope, when a proportion of an area occupied by the wax in a surface layer region from the surface of the toner particle to a depth of 1.0 ?m is denoted by As, the As is from 5.0% to 30.0%, and a number average particle diameter of primary particles of the metal titanate fine particles is from 10 nm to 80 nm.

Abstract: A toner has a toner particle that has a binder resin and a release agent, wherein when the temperature when G?=1.0×105 Pa in a dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner is denoted by Ta, and the glass transition temperature in a differential scanning calorimetric measurement on the toner is denoted by Tg, the Ta and the Tg satisfy the following formulas: 40° C.?Tg?70° C., 60° C.?Ta?90° C., and 0° C.?Ta?Tg?35° C.; and the toner has a storage elastic modulus G? having a minimum value in the range from 110° C. to 150° C. in a dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner.

Abstract: A toner comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner has a Martens hardness, as measured at a maximum load condition of 2.0×10?4 N, of from 200 MPa to 1,100 MPa.

Abstract: A polyethylene fiber wherein when a free induction decay (M(t)) of the polyethylene fiber at 90° C. measured by a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solid echo method is approximated to three components of a component (?) having a lowest mobility, a component (?) having an intermediate mobility, and a component (?) having a highest mobility, by fitting using formula 1 (M(t)=? exp(?(½) (t/T?)2)sin bt/bt+? exp(?(1/Wa)(t/T?)Wa)+? exp(?t/T?)), a composition fraction of the component (?) having the highest mobility is 1% or more and 10% or less, and a relaxation time of the component (?) having the highest mobility is 100 ?s or more and 1000 ?s or less.

Abstract: Provided is a toner containing a colorant and a binder resin, wherein, in a wettability test of the toner with respect to a methanol/water mixed solvent, the methanol concentration when the transmittance of light at a wavelength of 780 nm is 50% is at least 5.0 volume % and not more than 30.0 volume %, and the interparticle force measured by rupturing a consolidation of the toner formed by compression of the toner with a load of 78.5 N is at least 1.0 nN and not more than 25.0 nN.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle having a binder resin, a wax and a colorant, and metal titanate fine particles having a perovskite crystal structure, wherein in cross section observation of the toner using a transmission electron microscope, when a proportion of an area occupied by the wax in a surface layer region from the surface of the toner particle to a depth of 1.0 ?m is denoted by As, the As is from 5.0% to 30.0%, and a number average particle diameter of primary particles of the metal titanate fine particles is from 10 nm to 80 nm.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the toner particle has a surface layer that contains an organosilicon polymer and the luminance histogram of a backscattered electron image of the toner particle has two peak values P1 and P2 and a minimum value V between P1 and P2, P2 originates from the organosilicon polymer, and the luminance giving P1 and P2 are in specific ranges, percentages for P1 and P2 are each at least 0.50%, and using the luminance Bl at V as a reference point, specific relationships are satisfied by A1, AV, and A2, where A1 is the total number of pixels at luminance from 0 to (Bl?30 ), AV is the total number of pixels at luminance from (Bl?29 ) to (Bl+29 ), and A2 is the total number of pixels at luminance from (Bl+30 ) to 255.

Abstract: The present invention presents an ethylene polymer, wherein the ethylene polymer has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 200,000 or more and 3,000,000 or less, a proportion of a component (?130) with the lowest mobility of 40% or more and 60% or less, and a ratio ?/? of a middle motion component (?) to a component (?) with the highest mobility of 1.0 or more and 4.0 or less when a three-component approximation of free induction decay at 130° C. measured by a solid echo method of pulse NMR is performed.

Abstract: A toner comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner has a Martens hardness, as measured at a maximum load condition of 2.0×10?4 N, of from 200 MPa to 1,100 MPa.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a developing device, and an intermediate transfer member. The developing device includes a toner container containing a toner. The intermediate transfer member is charged to 3.0 nC/g or less in terms of absolute value at the surface thereof. The toner particles include a surface layer, and the brightness histogram of the toner particles has two local maximums P1 and P2 and a local minimum V between P1 and P2. P2 is derived from an organosilicon polymer. P1 lies in a brightness range of 20 to 70, and P2 lies in a brightness range of 130 to 230. The number of pixels of P1 and the number of pixels of P2 are each 0.50% or more relative to the total number of pixels. The total numbers of pixels A1, AV, and A2 each in a specific brightness range satisfy specific relationships.

Abstract: A toner comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner has a Martens hardness, as measured at a maximum load condition of 2.0×10?4 N, of from 200 MPa to 1,100 MPa.

Abstract: Provided is a black coupling member for vehicles, comprising a trivalent chromium black chemical conversion film and a black coating film upon the trivalent chromium black chemical conversion film, on the surface of a zinc-plated metal substrate. The trivalent chromium black chemical conversion film is formed using a hexavalent chromium-free trivalent chromium black chemical conversion treatment solution having a Zn ion concentration of no more than 20 g/L. The lightness (L) of the trivalent chromium black chemical conversion film is no more than 33. The black coating film includes a black chemical conversion component, a modified organopolysiloxane, and a friction coefficient-adjustment component. The black chemical conversion component content is 2-25 wt % relative to 100 wt % of the black coating film. The lightness (L) is no more than 28.