Abstract: A display panel has a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes disposed adjacently and alternately with the first electrodes, a plurality of third electrodes formed to cross the first and second electrodes, and a control circuit for carrying out an address discharge during the second electrodes and the third electrodes. The control circuit carries out a sustain discharge to decrease the volume of wall charges, accumulated on a display cell in which a sustain discharge is not intended, to a level which cannot generate a sustain discharge.

Abstract: In order to realize continuous gain control while realizing polarization independent amplifying characteristic, an optical amplifying device is configured to include: a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including an input side coupler, an output side coupler and a pair of arms, that connects the input side coupler to the output side coupler; a first and a second optical amplifier, to amplify signal light, which are disposed on the pair of arms respectively; and a light source for control light to output control light, in which the first and the second optical amplifier are configured to have polarization independent characteristic and the light source for control light is configured to have a predetermined polarization dependent gain difference or a predetermined polarization dependent loss difference.

Abstract: In a TTG-DFB-LD including a MQW wavelength control layer 16 whose refractive index varies by the current injection, the effective forbidden bandwidth of the MQW wavelength control layer 16 is larger by a value in the range of above 40 meV including 40 meV and below 60 meV excluding 60 meV than an energy of light generated in the MQW active layer 20.

Abstract: An endoscope insertion aiding device has a flexible tube, and has a distal-end member with the outer diameter equal to or more than the outer diameter of the tube at the distal end of the tube. The tube has a spiral structure on the outer circumferential surface thereof.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical amplifier, an acousto-optic tunable filter, a phase shifter, a lens, and an internal etalon are arranged in a resonator. Outside the resonator, two lenses, two beam splitters, two photo-detectors, and an external etalon are arranged. The internal etalon is a quartz etalon and the external etalon is a crystal etalon. Therefore, the rate of change in transmission peak wavelength of the internal etalon to a temperature change is greater than that of the external etalon.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable laser device includes: a pair of reflection mirrors; a semiconductor element disposed between the pair of reflection mirrors, the semiconductor element integrating a region for providing an optical gain, a region having a wavelength tunable filter function and a phase control region; and an optical filter disposed between the semiconductor element and one of the pair of reflection mirrors, the optical filter having periodical transmission wavelengths. A wavelength tunable laser device is provided which is easy to be controlled and can be made compact.

Abstract: A double-sided display device includes a pair of substrates, on which self-emitting elements are formed respectively, being bonded to each other. A lead wiring section of the self-emitting element area formed on one of the substrates and a lead wiring section of the self-emitting element area formed on the other substrate are formed on the same side of the substrates. Each of the lead wiring sections is formed in a part of the side of each of the substrates. In addition, cutout portions are formed in parts of the sides of the substrates where the lead wiring sections are not formed. Thus, in the double-sided display device, the lead wiring sections formed on ends of substrates can be easily connected with a driving circuit component, a wiring substrate or the like, while the space for the double-sided display device can be reduced.

Abstract: In a double-sided display device including a pair of substrates, self-emitting element areas formed on the pair of substrates, respectively, the self-emitting elements being provided in a sealed space formed by bonding the pair of substrates to each other, and display planes each being formed on the bottom face side of each of the substrates so as to be oriented in the opposite directions, a desiccant is provided in a space on at least one of the substrates within the sealed space. Thus, in the double-sided display device, the sealed space can be effectively used.

Abstract: A driving method, able to realize a PDP device having a reduced background luminance and high display quality, has been disclosed.

Abstract: A display apparatus driving method for a field time division type display apparatus displays grayscale by combining a plurality of subfields into which one field has been divided. Each subfield includes a resetting, an addressing, and a sustaining. At least one extra subfield is additionally provided which does not have a resetting, and which stays always ON with a luminance level higher than a prescribed input luminance level.

Abstract: A first electrode is formed above a substrate, organic material layers are stacked above the first electrode, and a second electrode is formed above the organic material layers. Among the organic material layers, at least two organic material layers having interfaces which electrons or holes traverse are formed by layers which are heat-treated at a temperature that is equal to or higher than the glass transition points of materials respectively constituting the organic material layers and equal to or lower than the melting points of the materials.

Abstract: A signal light from an optical transmission line propagates on a first optical fiber and enters a polarization converter. The polarization converter converts the input light with the given polarization into a linear polarization with a desired angle using two Faraday rotators and a quarter wave plate between them. The output light of the polarization converter propagates on a second optical fiber and enters a polarization beam splitter. The polarization beam splitter splits the light from the second optical fiber into two mutually orthogonal polarization components (e.g. TE and TM components) and outputs either of them (e.g. the TE component) toward a third optical fiber. A portion of the light propagating on the third optical fiber is split by an optical coupler and enters a photodetector. A bandpass filter (BPF) extracts a clock component of the signal from an output of the photodetector.

Abstract: A plasma display device is provided which includes a plurality of X electrodes, a plurality of Y electrodes arranged adjacent to the plurality of X electrodes for causing sustain discharges between the plurality of X electrodes and the plurality of Y electrodes, an X electrode drive circuit for applying a sustain discharge voltage to the plurality of X electrodes, and a Y electrode drive circuit for applying a sustain discharge voltage to the plurality of Y electrodes. The X electrode drive circuit and the Y electrode drive circuit have a first sustain drive mode in which discharge pulses to predetermined adjacent electrodes rise or fall in the same direction at the same time and a second sustain drive mode in which discharge pulses to all adjacent electrodes rise or fall at different timings.

Abstract: A method for driving a plasma display panel, wherein a display field, corresponding to a display of a screen, is composed of a plurality of subfields, a gradation display is realized by combining subfields to be lit among the plurality of subfields, cells to be lit in the display field are separated from unlit cells and all of the cells to be lit are lit in a predetermined subfield arranged near the head in the display field. The gradation display level is set with the light emission in the predetermined subfield being taken into consideration.

Abstract: A driving method, able to realize a PDP device having a reduced background luminance and high display quality, has been disclosed.

Abstract: A display has a panel, and first and second electrodes. The first and second electrodes define a matrix of cells on the panel. The second electrodes, which correspond to lines of the cells, are scanned to select the cell lines one by one. The first electrodes are driven to set display data for a selected one of the cell lines. The display also has a sequence setting unit for setting sequences of scanning the second electrodes, and a sequence selection unit for selecting one of the sequences that minimizes the current and power consumption of a first-electrode driver without deteriorating the quality of the displayed images.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to improve wavelength selectivity. Two optical waveguides (10 and 12) are disposed side by side on surfaces at different heights from each other, and a diffraction grating (14) is disposed between them. The two optical waveguides (10 and 12) cross at an angel &thgr; in an area (16) where they mutually approach. Here, &thgr; is not zero, and preferably should be approximately 0.5°.

Abstract: A display panel has a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes disposed adjacently and alternately with the first electrodes, a plurality of third electrodes formed to cross the first and second electrodes, and a control circuit for carrying out an address discharge during the second electrodes and the third electrodes. The control circuit carries out a sustain discharge to decrease the volume of wall charges, accumulated on a display cell in which a sustain discharge is not intended, to a level which cannot generate a sustain discharge.

Abstract: A diffraction grating is disposed adjacent to a ridge waveguide formed on a substrate (cladding). Assumed that a light propagation direction at the waveguide is z, a direction of width of the waveguide is x, and ends of the diffraction grating of this embodiment is x=gmin when z=0 and x=gmax when z=L/2, the ends of the diffraction grating can be expressed as the following functions f(z). Namely, f(Z)=gmin+(gmax−gmin)×(2z/L)n when 0≦z≦L/2, and f(Z)=gmin+(gmax−gmin)×(2-2z/L)n when L/2≦z≦L, where n>1.

Abstract: A display has a panel, and first and second electrodes. The first and second electrodes define a matrix of cells on the panel. The second electrodes, which correspond to lines of the cells, are scanned to select the cell lines one by one. The first electrodes are driven to set display data for a selected one of the cell lines. The display also has a sequence setting unit for setting sequences of scanning the second electrodes, and a sequence selection unit for selecting one of the sequences that minimizes the current and power consumption of a first-electrode driver without deteriorating the quality of the displayed images.