Abstract: A vehicle includes a regenerative braking device provided on regenerative braking wheels, which are any ones of front wheels and rear wheels, a frictional braking device configured to separately control a frictional braking force applied to each of the front wheels and the rear wheels, and an electronic control unit is configured to, upon detecting a slip state where a wheel speed of the regenerative braking wheels executing regenerative braking is below a slip determination threshold value positioned between a vehicle body speed and an anti-lock brake control operation threshold value, execute a regenerative control process for controlling the regenerative braking device such that the regenerative braking device generates a regenerative braking force that decreases a difference between the wheel speed and the slip determination threshold value.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a purification method for purifying a fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer of the formula (1), in which the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer is purified by distillation in the coexistence of a phenolic compound A such as 6-tert-butyl-2,4-xylenol and a phenolic compound B such as 2,2?-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol). By the combined use of the phenolic compound A and the phenolic compound B, it is possible to significantly suppress polymerization or oligomerization of the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer even during industrial-production-scale distillation and efficiently purify the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer by distillation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a purification method for purifying a fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer of the formula (1), in which the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer is purified by distillation in the coexistence of a phenolic compound A such as 6-tert-butyl-2,4-xylenol and a phenolic compound B such as 2,2?-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol). By the combined use of the phenolic compound A and the phenolic compound B, it is possible to significantly suppress polymerization or oligomerization of the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer even during industrial-production-scale distillation and efficiently purify the fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer by distillation.

Abstract: A purification method of desflurane (difluoromethyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether of the formula (1)) includes bringing a mixture containing desflurane and a trihalomethane into contact with a base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, thereby decomposing the trihalomethane. By this method, only the trihalometane contained as a by-product in the desflurane is decomposed without causing decomposition of the desflurane, whereby the desflurane is obtained with high purity.

Abstract: A purification method of desflurane (difluoromethyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether of the formula (1)) includes bringing a mixture containing desflurane and a trihalomethane into contact with a base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, thereby decomposing the trihalomethane. By this method, only the trihalometane contained as a by-product in the desflurane is decomposed without causing decomposition of the desflurane, whereby the desflurane is obtained with high purity.

Abstract: A braking control apparatus performs right and left wheel independent control to approach a slip rate of a rear-right wheel and a rear-left wheel to a target slip rate as an average of slip rates of a front-right wheel and a front-left wheel. In a high-speed range, right and left wheel independent control is started when a deceleration is equal to or larger than a start value that is smaller than a start value used in a low-speed range. In right and left wheel independent control started in the high-speed range, when there is a demand to increase braking pressures of both the rear-right wheel and the rear-left wheel, the braking pressure of the rear wheel located on the outside during the occurrence of deflection of the vehicle resulting from braking is increased, and the braking pressure of the rear wheel located on the inside is prohibited from increasing.

Abstract: Disclosed is an industrial method for efficient production of an ?,?-difluoroaldehyde compound, which includes reaction of an ?,?-difluoroacetate with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and a base. By the adoption of specific reaction conditions (catalyst, base, pressure etc.), it is possible to produce the target ?,?-difluoroaldehyde compound with a high conversion rate and high selectivity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an industrial method for efficient production of an ?,?-difluoroaldehyde compound, which includes reaction of an ?,?-difluoroacetate with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and a base. By the adoption of specific reaction conditions (catalyst, base, pressure etc.), it is possible to produce the target ?,?-difluoroaldehyde compound with a high conversion rate and high selectivity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preserving an ?,?-difluoroacetaldehyde alkyl hemiacetal of the following formula in a gas-liquid state having gas and liquid phases in a closed container under an atmosphere of oxygen (O2) or inert gas, characterized by: controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas phase in the container to be 5000 ppm or lower; and then storing the ?,?-difluoroacetaldehyde alkyl hemiacetal in the container under light-shielding conditions where R1 represents an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group. It is possible by this method to suppress conversion of the ?,?-difluoroacetaldehyde alkyl hemiacetal to difluoroacetic acid over a long term.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to remove a compound A from “sevoflurane containing fluoromethyl-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroisopropenyl ether (compound A)” so as to collect high-purity sevoflurane. The present invention concerns a method for producing sevoflurane containing substantially no compound A, comprising the following steps of: bringing a composition containing hydrogen fluoride (HF) and water at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:30 into contact with a 1st organic liquid containing sevoflurane and a compound A, thereby obtaining a 2nd organic liquid containing the compound A in an amount that is lower than that in the 1st organic liquid (step 1a); and distilling the 2nd organic liquid under the presence of a degradation inhibitor, thereby obtaining sevoflurane containing substantially no compound A as a main distillation fraction (step 2).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to remove a compound A from “sevoflurane containing fluoromethyl-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroisopropenyl ether (compound A)” so as to collect high-purity sevoflurane. The present invention concerns a method for producing sevoflurane containing substantially no compound A, comprising the following steps of: bringing a composition containing hydrogen fluoride (HF) and water at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:30 into contact with a 1st organic liquid containing sevoflurane and a compound A, thereby obtaining a 2nd organic liquid containing the compound A in an amount that is lower than that in the 1st organic liquid (step 1a); and distilling the 2nd organic liquid under the presence of a degradation inhibitor, thereby obtaining sevoflurane containing substantially no compound A as a main distillation fraction (step 2).

Abstract: A braking control apparatus performs right and left wheel independent control to approach a slip rate of a rear-right wheel and a rear-left wheel to a target slip rate as an average of slip rates of a front-right wheel and a front-left wheel. In a high-speed range, right and left wheel independent control is started when a deceleration is equal to or larger than a start value that is smaller than a start value used in a low-speed range. In right and left wheel independent control started in the high-speed range, when there is a demand to increase braking pressures of both the rear-right wheel and the rear-left wheel, the braking pressure of the rear wheel located on the outside during the occurrence of deflection of the vehicle resulting from braking is increased, and the braking pressure of the rear wheel located on the inside is prohibited from increasing.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for effectively washing a used “sevoflurane storage container” without using expensive sevoflurane as a washing liquid. This object is achieved by employing the washing method, comprising the steps of: creating a state in which at least sevoflurane vapor is present in the storage container (step A); bringing a “liquid containing water as a major component” into contact with the inner wall of the sevoflurane storage container in the state in which sevoflurane vapor is present in the storage container and draining the liquid outside of the storage container while the liquid remains liquid after step A (step B); and introducing a drying gas into the storage container so as to drain the liquid remaining on the inner wall of the storage container together with the drying gas outside of the storage container after step B (step C).

Abstract: A method for improving preservation stability of 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde according to the present invention include at least: a first step of forming a “2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde-alcohol composite system” in which a 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetal coexists with an excess alcohol, wherein the total molar amount of the alcohol is 1.15 to 4.00 times the total molar amount of 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde; and a second step of storing, in a storage container, the “2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde-alcohol composite system” formed in the first step. It is possible by this method to suppress the conversion of the 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetal to a dimer and maintain the original aldehyde activity of the target compound with less composition change over a long term.

Abstract: A method for improving preservation stability of 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde according to the present invention include at least: a first step of forming a “2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde-alcohol composite system” in which a 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetal coexists with an excess alcohol, wherein the total molar amount of the alcohol is 1.15 to 4.00 times the total molar amount of 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde; and a second step of storing, in a storage container, the “2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde-alcohol composite system” formed in the first step. It is possible by this method to suppress the conversion of the 2,2-difluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetal to a dimer and maintain the original aldehyde activity of the target compound with less composition change over a long term.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a hexafluoroisopropanol, including the steps of (a) purifying a mixture containing hexafluoroacetone and at least 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane as an impurity, thereby obtaining a purified hexafluoroacetone containing 120 ppm or lower of the 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane; and (b) bringing hydrogen (H2) into contact with the purified hexafluoroacetone in the presence of a catalyst, thereby hydrogenating the hexafluoroacetone into the hexafluoroisopropanol. It is possible by this method to produce the hexafluoroisopropanol with a short reaction time and a high conversion. Therefore, it is possible to particularly advantageously produce fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether (sevoflurane) by using the hexafluoroisopropanol produced by the method.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a fluorine-containing acid amplifier.

Abstract: A power conversion device including an inverter which converts a direct current voltage to an alternating current voltage of any magnitude and frequency using semiconductor switches, and supplies the voltage to a load such as a motor, wherein a switch is provided in the direct current portion of the inverter. A capacitor is connected, via the switch, between a positive and a negative electrode of the direct current power source, and a constant voltage element is connected in parallel to the capacitor. A varistor, a zener diode, or an avalanche diode, or alternatively, a combination of the zener diode and a self-turn-off semiconductor element (such as an IGBT or a MOSFET), or the like, is used as the constant voltage element. Each part of the power conversion device is thereby protected against overvoltage, thus avoiding an increase in the capacitance and volume of the capacitor.

Abstract: There are disclosed sulfonic acid precursor compositions, as are methods of using these compositions in, for example, photolithography.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a fluorine-containing acid amplifier.